北极渔业“软治理”的硬法规制及对我国的启示

Hard-Law-Regulation of“Soft Governance”of Arctic Fisheries and Its Enlightenment to China

全球气候变暖引起了北极生态环境变化,这为中北冰洋公海渔业捕捞带来潜在商机的同时,也对该海域渔业“软治理”的模式产生挑战。北冰洋五国在渔业谈判的“扩员进程”中纳入包括中国在内的其他五个利益攸关方,在多种改革路径中选择了“硬法规制”这一选项,于2018年达成了具有法律约束力的《预防中北冰洋不管制公海渔业协定》。该协定不仅基于“预警”机制对中北冰洋渔业采取养护和管理措施,更开启了北极渔业治理的“A5+5”新模式。对我国而言,北极渔业议题是与其他北极国家平等参与北极事务的重要契机,今后应从机制和规则层面继续积极参与和推动北极渔业治理。

Global warming has multiple impacts on the Arctic ecosystem,which has brought potential fishing opportunities for high seas fisheries in the Central and Northern Arctic Ocean,but also poses challenges to“soft governance”of fisheries in the region.As part of the“Broader Process”,the coastal states of the Arctic Ocean(A5)decided to include other five stakeholders,including China,into the fishery negotiation and adopted a hard-law-regulation approach in the reform.In 2018,the Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean(CAOF Agreement)was finally reached among ten members.The members of the CAOF Agreement not only adopted conservation and management measures based on the precautionary approach,but also opened the door for a“A5+5”model for Arctic governance.For China,the issue of Arctic fisheries is an important opportunity to participate in Arctic affairs on an equal basis with other Arctic countries.China should continue to actively participate in and promote the governance of Arctic fisheries for mechanism construction and rule-making in the near future.