卓越小学全科教师培养的难为与可为

The Cultivation of General Teachers in Excellent Primary Schools:Difficult and Feasible

随着经济社会的发展和高等教育改革的持续推进,教师培养也呈现出卓越取向,卓越小学全科教师培养不仅要确证其重要内涵,更要厘清其核心问题。在卓越小学全科教师培养过程中,地方高师院校存在诸多实践困惑。由于重师轻学的惯性思维,导致教与学能力的失调,“怎么教”的技术一家独大,“教什么”的艺术浅尝辄止。受“顺应主义”的影响,地方高师院校在卓越小学全科教师培养中受动顺应,缺乏专业自信,创新士气不振,突破后劲不足。受“普世主义”影响,盲目转型,名实不副,疏离本土,特色式微。为此,卓越小学全科教师的培养可以从以下3个方面着手:以问题探究为主线,培养创新意识,协调好师范教育和学科建设的关系,学研并济,深度研究与问题解决学习形成良性联动,解构重师轻学的培养样态;以STEM教育课程为轴心,建构适恰的STEM教育课程,提振信心,培养学生“全科”能力;坚持任务导向的人才培养模式,多方协同发力,持续改进,不断整合优化资源,逐步打造特色,培养创新人才。

With the development of economy and society and the continuous advancement of higher education reform,teacher training also presents an excellent orientation.The cultivation of excellent primary school general teachers should not only confirm its important connotation,but also clarify its core issues.In the process of training excellent general teachers in primary schools,there are many practical puzzles in local normal colleges.Due to the habitual thinking of valuing teachers over learning,it leads to the imbalance of teaching and learning ability.The technology of“how to teach”is dominated by one company,while the art of“what to teach”is neglected.Due to the influence of“conformism”,local normal colleges and universities are subject to dynamic adaptation in the training of excellent primary school general teachers,which leads to lack of professional confidence,low morale of innovation and lack of momentum for breakthrough.Under the influence of“universalism”,blind transformation,false name,alienation from the local,characteristics of the decline.Therefore,the cultivation of excellent primary school general teachers can be carried out from the following three aspects:taking problem exploration as the main line,cultivate a sense of innovation,coordinating the relationship between normal education and discipline construction,combining study with economy,forming a benign linkage between in-depth research and problem-solving learning,and deconstructing the cultivation pattern of valuing teachers over learning;Centering on the STEM education curriculum,the appropriate STEM education curriculum is constructed to boost students confidence and cultivate students’ability of“general subjects”.Adhere to the task-oriented talent training mode,multi-party collaborative efforts,continuous improvement,continuous integration and optimization of resources,gradually create characteristics,training innovative talents.