啮齿类动物开角型青光眼模型的研究进展

Rodent models of open-angle glaucoma

开角型青光眼是青光眼中最常见的类型,其发现机制尚未完全明晰,可能与小梁网及远端病变相关。本文综述能够引起小梁网结构和功能病变的动物模型,以小梁网为界,根据解剖结构将模型分为房水流出通道上游(前房注射外源物质)、中游(激光消融小梁网、紫外线照射小梁网、激素诱导小梁网、苯扎氯铵刺激小梁网、高渗溶液硬化小梁网)、下游(上巩膜静脉封闭法、角膜缘缝合、恒定暗照明)阻滞等模型的建立方法、特点及相关机制,以期为开角型青光眼临床和基础研究提供动物模型的参考。

Open-angle glaucoma(OAG)is the most common type of glaucoma.Though the molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated,ample of studies evidenced that primary OAG correlates with the pathological changes of trabecular meshwork(TM)and distal pathways.This paper focus on the animal models that promote TM structural and functional changes.According to the anatomical structure,these animal models are divided into upstream(injection of exogenous substances into the anterior chamber),middle(laser photocoagulation,ultraviolet irradiation,dexamethasone treatment,benzalkonium chloride stimulation and injection of hypertonic saline into TM)and downstream(closure of episcleral veins,circumlimbal suture and constant light stimulation)obstructive models.The establishment methods,characteristics and underlying mechanisms of the animal models were reviewed aiming to provide strategy for the clinical and basic studies on OAG.