穿龙薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷元提取工艺优化

Optimization of Extraction Technology of Diosgenin from Dioscorea nipponica

目的:优化穿龙薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷元的提取工艺,开发一种在酸水解前的酶解预处理工艺。方法:利用酶的生物降解作用,断开薯蓣皂苷与纤维素的葡萄糖苷键,从而改变植物细胞壁的通透性。通过单因素试验考察酶添加量、酶解温度、酶解时间、酶解pH、料液比对薯蓣皂苷得率的影响,并在此基础上通过Box-Behnken响应面分析法优化薯蓣皂苷的提取工艺条件。结果:纤维素酶提取薯蓣皂苷的最佳工艺条件为纤维素酶用量400 U、酶解温度55℃、酶解时间8 h、酶解pH 5.5、料液比1∶30,在此条件下薯蓣皂苷得率为9.78%。酸解得到薯蓣皂苷元得率为32.07%,薯蓣皂苷元纯度为70.89%。结论:通过一步纤维素酶预处理可以使薯蓣皂苷元得率提高140.59%,薯蓣皂苷元纯度提高41.21%。该方法方便、高效,可为薯蓣皂苷元的进一步研究和工业化生产提供参考。

Objective:To optimize the extraction process of diosgenin from Dioscorea nipponica and develop an enzymatic pretreatment process before acid hydrolysis.Methods:The permeability of plant cell wall can be changed by breaking the glucoside bond between diosgenin and cellulose through enzyme biodegradation.Single factor experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of enzyme addition amount,enzymatic hydrolysis temperature,enzymatic hydrolysis time,enzymatic hydrolysis pH,and solid-liquid ratio on the yield of diosgenin.On this basis,Box-Behnken response surface analysis was used to optimize the extraction conditions of diosgenin.Results:The optimum conditions for the extraction of diosgenin by cellulase were cellulase dosage of 400 U,enzymatic hydrolysis temperature of 55℃,enzymatic hydrolysis time of 8 h,enzymatic hydrolysis pH of 5.5,solid-liquid ratio of 1:30.Under these conditions,the yield of diosgenin was 9.78%.Conclusion:The yield of diosgenin can be increased by 140.59%and the purity of diosgenin can be increased by 41.21%through the one-step cellulase pretreatment.The method is convenient and efficient,which provides a theoretical basis for further research and industrial production of diosgenin.