碳中和背景下中日建筑节能标准对比研究

Comparative Research on Building Energy Efficiency Standards Between China and Japan Under the Background of Carbon Neutrality

为落实“双碳”战略决策,满足经济社会高质量发展需求,我国全文强制工程建设规范GB 55015—2021《建筑节能与可再生能源利用通用规范》应运而生。鉴于日本建筑节能标准对于我国节能标准发展的重要借鉴价值,本文对日本建筑节能法律体系进行了梳理,进而对中日现行建筑节能标准中的核心内容及关键性指标开展对比分析。结果表明,中日标准体系差异显著,与中国以上位法为基础的独立建筑节能体系不同,日本标准衍生于节能法律,以基本法为主体,辅以配套法规;中日标准内容设置不同,中国标准更加完整,日本标准仅给定框架,细节内容需参阅辅助文件;中日标准表达方式不同,中国标准多采取规定性方法,给定精确限值,日本标准则多采取权衡判断法;中日标准对于节能性能指标限定方式不同,中国采用单一指标,日本采用多级指标,以政策和经济激励等方式促进节能性能的提高;在碳排放指标限值上,中国标准给定每平米碳减排定量化参考值,相较日本标准更加精确。日本建筑节能标准内容及体系的设定对于我国建筑节能相关工作具有重要启示。

In order to implement the strategic decision of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,and meet the needs of high-quality economic and social development,China full-text mandatory engineering construction standard GB 55015-2021“General Code for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Application in Buildings”was issued.Considering the high reference value of Japanese building energy conservation standards for China,this study reviewed the legal system of building energy conservation in Japan,and analyzed the differences between the core contents and key indicators of the current building energy conservation standards in China and Japan.The results show that there exist many significant differences between Chinese and Japanese building energy conservation standard systems.Different from the Chinese independent building energy conservation system based on superior legislation,the Japanese standard is derived from the energy conservation law,which is mainly based on the basic law and supplemented by supporting regulations.The contents of the standard are set differently between China and Japan.The Japanese standard only provides the framework,and the details need to be referred from auxiliary documents.The expressions of Chinese and Japanese standards are also different.The Chinese standard adopts the prescriptive method with clearly defined limits and values,while the Japanese standard adopts the trade-off judgment method.The limitation methods for energy-saving performance indexes are different.Japan adopts a multi-level system and implements policies and economic incentives to improve building energy saving performance,while a single indicator is used in Chinese standards.In terms of carbon emission limit,a quantitative reference value for carbon emission reduction per square meter is given by the Chinese standard,more accurate than the Japanese standard.The content and system of the Japanese building energy conservation standard provide significant enlightenment to Chinese building energy conservation work.