夏秋时段公共场所室内微生物气溶胶污染及暴露评估

Indoor Microbial Aerosol Pollution and Exposure Assessment in Public Places in Summer and Autumn

为了解人员密集型公共场所室内微生物气溶胶的浓度水平、分布特征及暴露风险,本文对花鸟市场、农贸市场和火车站3类场所室内空气中的细菌和真菌进行了现场采样和实验室分析,分析和讨论了3类场所不同区域微生物气溶胶在夏、秋时段测试时的浓度水平、污染状况及粒径分布特征,并评估了不同场所微生物气溶胶的暴露量和健康影响。结果表明:1)夏、秋时期3类场所内微生物气溶胶的浓度,细菌与真菌气溶胶变化趋势相同。花鸟市场内细菌、真菌气溶胶浓度均值为秋季测试高于夏季;农贸市场、火车站内细菌、真菌气溶胶浓度均值为夏季测试高于秋季。花鸟市场在秋季测试的细菌气溶胶浓度均值处于微污染级别,而3类场所在夏、秋测试时期的真菌气溶胶浓度均值都处于轻度污染状态;2)3类场所在夏季测试的细菌、真菌气溶胶粒径主要集中在第Ⅳ级(2.1~3.3μm)和第Ⅴ级(1.1~2.1μm),而在秋季,3类场所细菌气溶胶粒径主要集中在第Ⅳ级(2.1~3.3μm)、第Ⅴ级(1.1~2.1μm)和第Ⅵ级(0.65~1.1μm),真菌气溶胶粒径集中在第Ⅳ级(2.1~3.3μm)和第Ⅴ级(1.1~2.1μm);3)夏、秋时段各场所细菌、真菌气溶胶的室内外浓度比值即I/O均大于1,其中花鸟市场、农贸市场真菌气溶胶I/O值均大于2。4)各场所日均暴露量与健康影响系数均存在差异性,同类场所微生物气溶胶夏季时段日均暴露量与健康影响系数均高于秋季,微生物气溶胶对于男性健康的影响大于女性,花鸟市场家宠区对男性和女性的健康影响系数均大于1。

To study the concentration levels,distribution characteristics,and exposure risks of indoor microbial aerosol in public places with dense population,the bacteria and fungi in the indoor air of three types of places with dense population,namely,flower and bird market,agricultural trade market and railway station,were sampled and analyzed in the laboratory.The concentration levels,pollution status,and particle size distribution characteristics of microbial aerosols in different areas of the three types of places measured in summer and autumn were analyzed and discussed.And the exposure and health impacts of microbial aerosols in these places were further evaluated.The results show that:1)The changing trends of bacterial and fungal aerosols were the same after comparing the concentration of microbial aerosols in these places in summer and autumn.The mean values of bacterial and fungal aerosol concentrations in flower and bird markets measured in autumn are greater than those in summer;and the mean values of bacterial and fungal aerosol concentrations in agricultural trade markets and train stations measured in summer were higher than those in autumn.The average concentration of bacterial aerosols in autumn at the flower and bird market is at the level of light pollution,while the average concentration of fungal aerosols in summer and autumn at all three locations is at the level of mild pollution.2)The particle sizes of bacteria and fungi aerosol in those places were mainly concentrated in Grade IV(2.1~3.3μm)and Grade V(1.1~2.1μm)measured in summer.In autumn,the bacterial aerosol particle size was mainly concentrated in Grade IV(2.1~3.3μm),Grade V(1.1~2.1μm),and Grade VI(0.65~1.1μm).The aerosol particle size of fungi is concentrated in Grade IV(2.1~3.3μm)and Grade V(1.1~2.1μm).3)In summer and autumn,the I/O of bacteria and fungi aerosol in each place is greater than 1,and the I/O value of fungal aerosol in flower and bird market and agricultural trade market in summer is greater than 2.4)The average daily exposure and health impact coefficients of each place are different,and the average daily exposure and health impact coefficients of microbial aerosols in similar places are higher in summer than these in autumn,and the impact of microbial aerosols on men’s health is greater than that of women,and the health impact coefficients of both men and women in the domestic pet area of the flower and bird market are greater than 1.