基于人群活动大数据的太行山区人文自然过渡区的识别研究

Study on the identification of human-natural transitional zone based on big data of human activity in the Taihang Mountains

山地是过渡性地理空间的重要载体。中国山地占地面积大、分布范围广,开展山地过渡区的识别研究对于优化国土空间规划、促进生态系统服务提质增效有重要的指导意义。当前过渡区的识别研究对时间动态变化特征考虑较少,本文从人群活动角度出发,基于腾讯位置请求数据,以典型过渡性地理空间——太行山区为例提取了表征过渡区属性渐变、空间异质、时间动态三个指标。分析它们在人文-自然梯度上的变化,并利用滑动阈值、时空非监督分类方法,结合土地利用/覆盖、夜间灯光、不透水面、农田生产潜力、植被净初级生产力和生态系统服务价值以及分类结果的分布形态,识别了太行山区人文-自然过渡区。主要结论如下:①太行山区人群活动时间动态度呈现“过渡区>城区>自然区”的分布格局,人群活动的时间动态可用于人文自然过渡区的分类;②时间动态度在人文-自然梯度上的分布变化可能体现了不同人地地域系统有着不同的人群行为模式特征;③太行山区主要以自然区域为主导,城市、城乡过渡区、农业主导区近年变化稳定,而自然主导区和农业-自然过渡区分别呈现扩张和收缩趋势,变化量约占研究区总面积5.3%和6.27%;(4)地形地貌制约着不同人文自然过渡区的分布,随着海拔升高、坡度增大,从平原到大起伏山地,过渡区从城市向自然主导区转变。

Mountainous areas are important carriers of transitional geospatial space. China’s mountainous areas cover a large area and are widely distributed, and it is important to carry out research on the identification of mountainous transitional zones for optimizing territorial spatial planning and promoting the quality and efficiency of ecosystem services. The characteristics of temporal dynamic is less considered in current research on the identification of transitional zones. In this paper, from the perspective of crowd activities, three indicators characterizing the gradual change of transitional zones attributes, spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamics are extracted in the typical transitional geospatial space—the Taihang Mountains, based on Tencent location request data. The change of the three crowd activities characteristics along the humannatural gradient are analyzed. The human-natural transitional zones in the Taihang Mountains are classified by using sliding threshold of landscape metrics, spatio-temporal unsupervised classification methods. The classification results are recognised as human-natural transitional zones by their distribution patterns combined with the data of land use/cover, night lighting,impervious surface, potential crop yield, vegetation net primary productivity and value of ecosystem services. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) In the Taihang Mountains, the degree of temporal dynamics in transitional zones is greater than that of urban areas, where the degree of temporal dynamics in natural areas is the smallest. The temporal dynamics of crowd activities can be used in the classification of human-natural transitional zones.(2) The degree of temporal dynamic distribution of crowd activities along the human-natural gradient may reflect that different human-earth areal systems have different characteristics of crowd behavior patterns.(3) The Taihang Mountains are mainly dominated by natural areas. The urban areas,urban-rural transitional areas and agricultural dominated areas in the study area have changed stably in recent years, while the natural areas and agricultural-natural transitional areas show trends of expansion and contraction, respectively, with changes accounting for about 5.3% and6.27% of the total area of the study area.(4) Topographic and geomorphologic conditions constrain the distribution of different human-natural transitional zones, and as elevation rises and slope increases, from plains to large undulating mountains, transitional areas shift from urban areas to natural areas.