中国资源型城市碳排放效率时空演变与绿色技术创新影响

The impact of green technological innovation on the spatiotemporal evolution of carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities in China

绿色技术创新是推动资源型城市低碳转型的重要路径之一。研究运用考虑非期望产出的Super-SBM模型测度2003—2018年资源型城市碳排放效率,采用核密度估计、泰尔指数分解法探究其时空分异特征与演变过程,通过面板回归模型分析绿色技术创新对碳排放效率的影响。结果表明:①资源型城市碳排放效率在时间上呈先加速上升后缓慢波动上升的增长态势,从2003年的0.164上升至2018年的0.394,年均增长率为6.02%,仍有一定的提升空间。②资源型城市碳排放效率的区域差异呈扩大趋势,四大地区碳排放效率的内部差异是空间差异持续扩大的主要原因;碳排放效率较高和较低的城市在空间上存在明显的集聚特征,各发展阶段资源型城市碳排放效率呈现“成长型城市>成熟型城市>再生型城市>衰退型城市”的差异特征。③绿色技术创新与碳排放效率呈显著正相关,四大地区和不同发展阶段资源型城市绿色技术创新对碳排放效率的影响效应呈现异质性。研究从完善资金投入机制、加强人力资本积累、促进创新成果转化等方面提出对策建议,为加快资源型城市绿色技术创新和低碳转型提供借鉴。

In the context of the dual carbon target, green technological innovation is one of the important paths to promote the low-carbon transformation of resource-based cities. This study measures the carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities from 2003 to 2018 using the super efficiency Slack-Based Measure model considering non-desired outputs, explores its spatiotemporal divergence characteristics and evolution process using kernel density estimation and Theil index decomposition, and analyzes the impact of green technological innovation on carbon emission efficiency through a panel regression model. The research results show that:(1) The carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities shows a growth trend of accelerated increase in time followed by a slow fluctuating increase, from 0.164 in 2003 to 0.394 in 2018,with an average annual growth rate of 6.02%, and there is still some room for improvement.(2)The regional differences in carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities show an expanding trend, and the internal differences in carbon emission efficiency of the four major regions of China are the main reason for the continuous expansion of spatial differences;there are obvious spatial clustering characteristics of cities with higher and lower carbon emission efficiency, and the carbon emission efficiency of resource-based cities at each development stage shows the regional difference characteristics of growing cities > mature cities >regenerating cities > declining cities.(3) Green patent authorization is significantly and positively correlated with carbon emission efficiency;among the control variables, economic development level is significantly and positively correlated with carbon emission efficiency,while industrial structure and environmental regulation are significantly and negatively correlated with carbon emission efficiency. After the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy, the driving role of green technological innovation is enhanced, and the effect of each element of green technological innovation on carbon emission efficiency in resource-based cities in the four major regions and at different development stages shows heterogeneity. This study proposes countermeasures and suggestions in terms of improving the capital investment mechanism, strengthening human capital accumulation, promoting the transformation of innovation achievements, and implementing differentiated countermeasures,so as to provide suggestions for accelerating green technological innovation and low-carbon transformation in resource-based cities.