从神灵空间到生活世界:明清以降关林庙与一个地域社会网络的形成

From a Space of Deities to an Area of Life:The Guanlin Temple and the Formation of a Regional Social Network Since Ming and Qing Dynasties

关林庙是地方社会以崇拜关羽为核心而形成的特定神祇空间。明万历中期,多元社群开始大规模扩建与修缮关林,力图构建社会共同敬奉和祭祀关羽的神灵空间,关林庙会相伴而盛。国家权力对关羽信仰体系的褒封性介入,使其被赋予的政治性色彩日益浓厚,俨然成为官方控制地方社会秩序的文化手段。同时,时代变迁与社会文化嬗变促使关林庙宇由单一祭祀神灵场所演变成融祭祀表演、商品交易和休闲娱乐于一体的互动交流空间,进而形成一个整合民众交际行为且蕴含多元功能的地域社会网络。

The Guanlin Temple was a particular realm of deities established by local society with the worship of Guan Yu(?-220)as its core.In the middle years of the Wanli period(1573-1620)in Ming Dynasty,multiple social groups started to substantially expand and renovate the Guanlin Temple and strived to construct a space of deities in which the local community may commonly pay tribute to and worship Guan Yu.Consequently,there arose a popular Guanlin Temple fair.Yet the state power's intervention to praise and honor the Guan Yu worship system endowed it with an increasingly rich political color,and the temple fair became a cultural means for the government to regulate the local social order.Besides,the change of times as well as social and cultural transformations led the evolution of the Guanlin Temple from a single venue of deity worship to an interaction and exchange space that integrated worship performances,commodity trading,and leisure and entertainment,which further turned the temple fair into a local social network that mixed people's various social activities and other multiple functions.