中国文学的经典、正典与美典

The Jingdian,Zhengdian and Meidian of Chinese Literature

讨论中国文学典范应凸显诗文文体、文学境界、儒学正统等几个基本要素。“美典”指在语言本身或以语言营造意在言外的优美境界上有独到探索与成就的诗文作品,“正典”指除美的探索与成就外,亦符合儒学正统意识形态、发挥经世致用功能的作品。此外,以传统诗文为核心,向上向子、史延伸,向下向词曲、小说扩展,这些作品与正典相比不尽符合儒学标准,与美典相比也不尽是纯粹抒情、美辞的文学,但因文学性突出亦被奉为经典。这些经典与诗文正典、美典既有界限,又多元一体,共同组成具有中国特色的文学典范。

The pnetic style,literary realm,and Cnnfucian orthodoxy are several hasic elements for thediscussion of the models of Chinese literature.Meidian(beautiful works)refers to literary works with unique exploration of the language itself or the creation of a beautiful realm beyondwords.Zhengdian(canon)refers to works that,in addition to the exploration and of beauty,al-so accord with the orthodox ideology of Confucianism and give full play to the function of practi-cal application.In addition,with traditional poetry as the core,it extends upward to the pre-Qin thoughts of the hundred schools and to history,and downwards to ci,qu and fiction.Comparedwith zhengdian,these works do not entirely conform to the standard of Confucianism,and they are not all pure lyric and beautiful works compared with meidian.However,they are regarded as jingdian(classics)because of their outstanding literariness.