文艺创作和改编中的经典化问题——以《白毛女》为中心

The Question of Classicization in Literary Creation and Adaptation:Centering on The White-Haired Girl

文艺创作和改编中的经典化问题,既是文学家、艺术家在文艺创作和改编中要思考、解决的问题,也是评论家和学者需深入探讨的理论问题。《白毛女》的改编是一个成功的例子,它从民间传说到报告文学和短篇小说,再到逐步被改编成歌剧、电影和芭蕾舞剧,最终成为文艺经典。以《白毛女》的经典化为中心,结合百余年来文艺史上其他作品经典化的经验,可总结出文艺创作和改编的经典化路径:凝炼主题,表达时代精神;塑造典型人物形象;依托现实生活,反映人民心声。此外,文学家、艺术家还需走出书斋,从生活中发现典型人物和典型故事;超越自我,用集体智慧提高艺术水平;克服小众视野,用改编促进大众化传播。只有这样才可创作出饱含时代精神,具有中国气派,思想性、艺术性、观赏性有机统一的优秀作品。

Classicization in literary creation and adaptation is not only a question for writers and artists to consider and solve in literary creation and adaptation,but also a theoretical problem for criticsl and scholars to explore in depth.The adaptation of The White Haired Girl is a successful exam-l ple.From a folklore story to reportages and short stories,and then gradually adapted into oper-l as.films and ballet dances,it finally became a literary classic.Taking the classicization of The White-Haired Girl as the center,combined with the experience of classicization of other works inlthe history of literature and art over the past hundred years,we can summarize the classicization path of literary creation and adaptation:condensing the theme,expressing the spirit of thel times:shaping the image of typical characters:relying on real life,rellecting the voice of the people.In addition,writers and artists need to go out of their studios,discover typical charactersl and stories from life;transcend themselves,using collective wisdom to improve their artistiel quality;overcome the elite vision,using adaptation to promote mass dissemination.Only in this way can we create excellent works full of the spirit of the times,with Chinese style and an organ-ic unity of ideology,artistry and ornamental qualities.