γ-聚谷氨酸的生物活性研究进展

Research progress on biological activities of poly-γ-glutamic acid

聚谷氨酸(Poly-γ-glutamic acid,γ-PGA)是在一些特定的微生物中发现的天然聚氨基酸,是一种由L-谷氨酸或D-谷氨酸通过γ-酰胺键连接聚合而成的多功能肽,目前可以通过微生物发酵实现规模制备。γ-PGA具有促进矿物吸收、生物膜形成、植物促生、免疫调节、降血糖、抗氧化等一系列生物活性功能。为了更好地应用此种天然生物化学品,我们简单介绍了γ-PGA的结构,制备方法,从动物、植物、微生物三方面重点突出了其生物活性和应用前景,旨在探索其未来应用以及开发新型生物活性制品。

As a natural poly-amino acid,poly-γ-glutamic acid(γ-PGA)is found in certain microorganisms.γ-PGA is a functional polypeptide where D-and L-glutamic acids are combined with γ-linkages. At present,it can be produced on a large scale through microbial fermentation. It has biological activities such as promoting mineral absorption,biofilm formation,plant growth,immune regulation,hypoglycemia and antioxidation. For better use of γ-PGA,this review introduced and summarized structure and source of γ-PGA as well as its preparation methods. Moreover,in order to explore its future application and develop new bioactive products,its bioactivity and application prospect in animal,plant and microorganism were highlighted.