明代改编朱熹《小学》考

A Study on the Adaptation of Zhu Xi's Xiaoxue in the Ming Dynasty

《小学》作为一部由朱熹及其弟子编纂的宋代童蒙施教课本,到明代颇受重视。明朝中后期,多位学者对朱熹《小学》进行了改编尝试。正德年间,为便于《小学》在童蒙施教过程中更加切于实用,黄佐删节改编了《小学》形成《小学古训》一书。嘉靖至万历年间,湛若水、耿定向等学者依傍《小学》编撰的初衷,基于自身对童蒙施教的认知,另行搜集文献新编了《古文小学》《小学经传》《小学衍义》等书籍。上述学者的改编活动,反映了明代儒学施教过程中出现的新变化,并对明清两代的童蒙施教产生了较大影响。

As a textbook compiled by Zhu Xi and his disciples for children's education,Xiaoxue was highly valued in the Ming Dynasty,and scholars in the middle and late Ming Dynasty made many attempts to adapt Zhu Xi's Xiaoxue.During Zhengde period,in order to facilitate the application of Xiaoxue in educational practice,Huang Zuo abridged and adapted Xiaoxue to form the book Xiaoxue Guxun.Between Jiajing and Wanli,Zhan Ruoshui,Geng Dingxiang and other scholars of Yangmingism relied on the purpose of Xiaoxue,based on their own understanding of children's education,in addition to the collection of new literature compiled the Guwen Xiaoxue,Xiaoxue Jingzhuan,Xiaoxue Yanyi and some other works.The above-mentioned books on the adaptation of Zhu Xi's Xiaoxue by the Ming dynasty reflected the new features of Confucian education in the Ming period and had a profound influence on the education of children in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.