妊娠期糖尿病患者机体血糖水平变化与娩出儿体质量的相关性分析

Correlation analysis of blood glucose level in gestational diabetes patients and body weight of delivered infants

目的 探讨妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)患者机体血糖水平变化与娩出儿体质量的相关性。方法 选取温州市中心医院2016年1月—2021年1月收治的120例GDM患者为研究对象,为GDM妊娠组。另取同期正常妊娠孕妇120例作为正常妊娠组。采集并比较两组各项基线资料的差异,检测两组孕早期空腹血糖,且在孕中期开展75 g口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)。以Pearson相关性分析明确GDM患者机体血糖水平变化与娩出儿体质量的关系。结果 GDM妊娠组孕前BMI高于正常妊娠组(P<0.05),而两组年龄、孕周比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。GDM妊娠组孕早期空腹血糖、孕中期OGTT前空腹血糖、OGTT葡萄糖负荷后1 h血糖及OGTT葡萄糖负荷后2 h血糖水平分别为(5.04±0.43)mmol/L、(5.22±0.61)mmol/L、(8.66±2.03)mmol/L、(7.26±1.57)mmol/L,均高于正常妊娠组的(4.78±0.38)mmol/L、(4.51±0.45)mmol/L、(7.03±1.54)mmol/L、(6.08±1.04)mmol/L(均P<0.05)。GDM妊娠组新生儿出生体质量为(3 484.23±475.02)g,明显高于正常妊娠组的(3 357.39±391.09)g,且巨大儿人数占比高于正常妊娠组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析可得:GDM患者孕早期空腹血糖、孕中期OGTT前空腹血糖、孕中期OGTT葡萄糖负荷后1 h血糖、孕中期OGTT葡萄糖负荷后2 h血糖水平均和GDM患者娩出儿体质量呈正相关关系(均P<0.05)。结论 GDM患者机体血糖水平变化与娩出儿体质量密切相关,即随着血糖水平的升高,娩出儿体质量增加。

Objective To study the correlation between the changes of blood glucose level in gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM) patients and the body weight of the delivered baby.Methods A total of 120 patients with GDM admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to January 2021 were included in the study and recorded as GDM pregnancy group.Another 120 pregnant women with normal pregnancy were selected as normal pregnancy group.Baseline data were collected and compared between the two groups.Fasting blood glucose in the first trimester was detected between the two groups, and 75g oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) was performed in the second trimester.Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the changes of blood glucose level in GDM patients and the body weight of the delivered child.Results BMI before pregnancy in GDM pregnancy group was higher than that in normal pregnancy group(P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in age and gestational age between the two groups(P>0.05).In GDM pregnancy group, fasting blood glucose levels in early pregnancy, fasting blood glucose levels before mid-pregnancy OGTT, blood glucose levels at 1h after OGTT glucose load, blood glucose levels at 2 h after OGTT glucose load were(5.04±0.43) mmol/L,(5.22±0.61) mmol/L,(8.66±2.03) mmol/L,(7.26±1.57) mmol/L,which was higher than normal pregnancy group(4.78±0.38) mmol/L,(4.51±0.45) mmol/L,(7.03±1.54) mmol/L,(6.08±1.04) mmol/L(all P<0.05).The birth weight of GDM pregnancy group was(3 484.23±475.02) g, which was significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy group(3 357.39±391.09) g, and the proportion of macrosomia was higher than that of normal pregnancy group(all P<0.05).According to Pearson correlation analysis, fasting blood glucose levels of GDM patients in early pregnancy, fasting blood glucose levels before mid-pregnancy OGTT, blood glucose levels at 1h after mid-pregnancy OGTT glucose load and blood glucose levels at 2h after mid-pregnancy OGTT glucose load were positively correlated with body weight of GDM patients delivered babies(all P<0.05).Conclusion The changes of blood glucose level in GDM patients are closely related to the body weight of the delivered child, that is, with the increase of blood glucose level, the body weight of the delivered child increases.