经典名方中石决明的本草考证

Herbal Textual Reseach on Haliotidis Concha in Famous Classical Formulas

通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书及现代文献资料,笔者对经典名方中所用石决明药材进行系统本草考证,涉及名称、基原、产地、品质评价、采收加工及炮制等方面内容,以期为含石决明的经典名方开发提供依据。经考证可知,历代皆以石决明为正名,亦有以其功效、性状及近音字而命名的“千里光”“九孔螺”“珍珠母”等异名。唐代以前石决明药材动物基原因形态描述过于简练,仅能考订为鲍科鲍属动物;宋元明清时期主流基原为杂色鲍Haliotis diversicolor与皱纹盘鲍H.discus hannai;民国时期开始将鲍属多种动物作为石决明基原使用,品种繁杂并延续至今。古今我国国内主要产区为海南、广东及山东地区,国外产地主要为日本及越南。古籍中对石决明品质评价大致以呼水孔的开孔数量为准,以七孔和九孔的鲍壳为佳;近现代则以性状个大整齐、无破碎、内外洁净并有光彩、壳厚者为佳。基于考证结果,结合石决明散的记载年代,建议开发该经典名方时石决明药材使用杂色鲍H.diversicolor或皱纹盘鲍H.discus hannai的贝壳,且以生品入药。

By reviewing the ancient materia medica,medical books and modern literature,this paper made a systematic textual research on Haliotidis Concha in famous classical formulas,including the name,origin,producing area,quality evaluation,harvesting and processing,in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing Haliotidis Concha.The textual research showed that Shijueming was the official name of Haliotidis Concha in past dynasties,and there were also aliases such as Qianliguang,Jiukongluo and Zhenzhumu named after its efficacy,properties and near-phonetic characters.Before the Tang dynasty,the original description of Haliotidis Concha was too concise,which could only be identified as the animal of genus Haliotis,family Haliotidae.During the Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,the main varieties were H.diversicolor and H.discus hannai.At the beginning of the Republic of China,a variety of animals from genus Haliotis were used as Haliotidis Concha,and varieties were numerous and continued to this day.In ancient and modern times,the main producing areas in China are Hainan,Guangdong and Shandong,while the foreign producing areas are mainly Japan and Vietnam.The quality evaluation of Haliotidis Concha in ancient books was roughly determined by the number of openings of the expiratory orifice,and seven-hole and nine-hole abalone shells were preferred.In modern times,characters as big,neat,unbroken,clean inside and outside,lustrous,thick shells are preferred.Based on the textual research results and combined with the record years of the Shijueming San,it is suggested that the shells of H.diversicolor or H.discus hannai should be used in the development of this formula,and the raw products should be used as medicine.