四川卧龙国家级自然保护区四川羚牛舔盐习性研究

Research on Mineral‑Licking Habit of Budorcas tibetanus in the Wolong National Nature Reserve,Sichuan

为深入理解四川羚牛Budorcas tibetanus舔盐行为的活动模式,于2017年7月1日—2019年6月30日,基于远程视频监控系统,持续观察四川卧龙国家级自然保护区四川羚牛的舔盐行为,分析了不同性别、年龄段个体舔盐行为的年、日活动节律和时间分配、舔盐与排尿行为的相互关系以及不同区域、月份盐井水的微量元素含量。结果表明:(1)四川羚牛偏好夜间舔盐,白天和夜晚在观察点的滞留时间分别占28.98%和71.02%;(2)四川羚牛舔食盐井水的高峰为5月,成年雌性有更高的累计出现只次;(3)舔盐行为的日活动节律呈U型,08∶00—13∶00为活动低谷,22∶00至次日06∶00为活动高峰;(4)四川羚牛进入盐井的第一次排尿间隔时间显著低于第二、三次排尿;(5)天然盐井水的Na含量较溪水高。本研究为相关保护区对四川羚牛的保护和其栖息地管理提供了基础科学参考依据。

In order to deeply understand the salt-licking behavior of Sichuan takins(Budorcas tibetanus),continuous observations on wild takins in the Wolong National Nature Reserve were conducted from July 1,2017 to June 30,2019 by using remote video monitoring systems.The annual and daily activity rhythm and time distribution of salt licking behavior of B.tibetanus were identified according to the differences of sexes and ages,and the relationship between salt licking and urination behavior,and the content of trace elements in salt well water in different regions and months were analyzed also.The results showed that:(1)B.tibetanus prefers to lick salt at night,and their residence time at the observation point during day and night accounts for 28.98%and 71.02%of the total residence time,respectively.(2)The peak time of B.tibetanus licking salt well water is in May.Compared with adult males,females have higher cumulative occurrences.The cumulative occurrences of subadults and juveniles in salt wells are much lower than adults.(3)The daily activity rhythm of saltlicking activity is typical U-shaped.A lower period of activity occurs from 08∶00 to 13∶00,while the peak of activity occurs from 22∶00 to 06∶00.(4)The time interval of the first urination in salt well is significantly shorter than those of the second and third urination.(5)The content of Na in the natural salt well is relatively higher than that in the brook.This study provides a basic scientific reference for the protection of B.tibetanus and its habitat management in related reserves.