基于红外相机技术的云龙天池国家级自然保护区鸟兽多样性调查

Camera Trap Survey of Bird and Mammal Diversity in the Yunlong Tianchi National Nature Reserve,Yunnan

为了解由不相连的天池片区(天池)和龙马山片区(龙马山)组成的云龙天池国家级自然保护区的鸟兽多样性,2019年3月—2020年7月,沿海拔梯度布设61台红外相机(天池29台,龙马山32台)进行调查。天池和龙马山的累计工作日分别为6228 d和9498 d;独立有效照片分别为1211张和1160张。共鉴定出兽类6目12科21种,鸟类6目17科60种,其中,国家一、二级重点保护野生动物分别为2种、20种,保护区新记录25种。保护区内相对丰富度最高的5种野生动物从高到低依次为珀氏长吻松鼠Dremomys pernyi、赤腹松鼠Callosciurus erythraeus、猕猴Macaca mulatta、黄喉貂Martes flavigula、白腹锦鸡Chrysolophus amherstiae。2个片区共同调查到的物种占总物种数的53%;相似性检验表明,2个片区的群落组成有显著差异(鸟类:R=0.068,P=0.044;兽类:R=0.149,P=0.001)。本研究更新了保护区内鸟兽物种名录,分析了2个片区的群落差异,为保护区野生动物监测和保护管理提供了科学参考。

From March 2019 to July 2020,61 camera traps were deployed along elevation gradients to investigate the diversity of mammals and birds in the Yunlong Tianchi National Nature Reserve,Yunnan,China,which consists of two discrete areas,Tianchi(TC,29 cameras)and Longmashan(LMS,32).The survey included 6228(TC)and 9498(LMS)camera days in the two areas,and 1211(TC)and 1160(LMS)independent photos were captured,respectively.A total of 81 species,including 21 species of mammals belonging to 12 families and 6 orders and 60 species of birds belonging to 17 families and 6 orders were identified.Among them,2 species were listed as classⅠand 20 species were listed as classⅡNational Protected Wildlife in China,and 25 species were recorded for the first time in the reserve.The top five bird and mammal species with the highest relative abundance index were Perny’s long-nosed squirrel(Dremomys pernyi),Pallas’s squirrel(Callosciurus erythraeus),rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta),yellow-throated marten(Martes flavigula)and Lady Amherst’s pheasant(Chrysolophus amherstiae).The species commonly found in the two areas accounted for 53%of the total number of species.Analysis of similarities revealed significant differences in community composition between the two areas(birds:R=0.068,P=0.044;mammals:R=0.149,P=0.001).This study updates the lists of bird and mammal species in the reserve,analyses the differences between the communities of the two areas,and thus provides a scientific reference for wildlife monitoring and conservation management in the reserve.