国内沉管隧道数据统计与发展分析

Statistical Analysis and Development of Immersed Tube Tunnels in China

为更全面地了解国内沉管隧道现状及技术发展趋势,从所在区域、隧道结构类型及断面形式、管节预制、应用领域等多个维度梳理国内36座沉管隧道项目(截至2022年底,已建20座、在建10座、拟建6座),并根据不同应用领域介绍典型沉管隧道项目及进行沉管隧道技术展望。经调研:1)国内沉管隧道建设主要集中于华南地区(包含香港特别行政区和澳门特别行政区),占比达75%,其中广东省共21座沉管隧道,广州市沉管隧道项目最多(14座);2)目前国内沉管隧道以钢筋混凝土结构为主(共32座),且绝大部分为矩形断面;3)国内沉管隧道项目管节宽度在11.5~55.46 m、管节高度在6.4~11.4 m,沉管隧道断面形式布置灵活,适用于人行、市政(公路)、铁路或公铁合建隧道,目前多应用于过江(海底)市政(公路)隧道;4)国内沉管隧道长度最长达5.664 km,管节数目最多达33节,但大部分沉管隧道长度小于1 km,管节数目介于3~10节;5)较多采用的管节预制方式为独立干坞和轴线干坞,分别为14座和9座。

In order to form a more comprehensive overview of the current development and technology trends of immersed tube tunnels in China, 36 immersed tube tunnel projects(including 20 built, 10 under construction, and 6 to be built as of the end of 2022) in China are analyzed in terms of tunnel distribution areas, tunnel structure types, and crosssectional forms, element prefabrication and application fields. Based on different application fields, typical immersed tube tunnel projects are introduced and the prospects of immersed tube tunnel technology are presented. Investigations indicate that:(1) The immersed tube tunnels in China are mainly constructed in South China(including Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region), accounting for 75% of the total projects across the country. There are 21 immersed tube tunnels in Guangdong province, with most of them in Guangzhou(a total of 14).(2) Currently, the reinforced concrete structure is the main structure type of immersed tube tunnels in China(32 in total), most of which have rectangular sections.(3) For immersed tube tunnels in China, the element width is between 11.5 m and 55.46 m, and the element height ranges from 6.4 m to 11.4 m. With flexible cross-sectional forms, the immersed tube tunnels are used as pedestrian tunnels, municipal(highway) tunnels, railway tunnels or combined highway-railway tunnels. At present, most are used as the river-crossing(undersea) municipal(highway) tunnels.(4) The longest immersed tube tunnel in China is 5.664 km and the maximum number of elements can reach 33, but the length of most immersed tube tunnels is less than 1 km and the number of elements is 3 to 10.(5) Elements are generally prefabricated in independent and axial dry docks. Among the tunnel projects under study, independent dry docks are adopted for 14 tunnels and axial dry docks for 9 tunnels.