西汉政府的罪犯徙边敦煌郡——以敦煌出土文献为中心的考察

The Criminals of the Western Han Dynasty Banished to Dunhuang County——An Investigation Centered on the Unearthed Documents in Dunhuang

西汉政府发配罪犯徙边敦煌郡是一种常态化举措。徙边敦煌郡的罪犯按人员类型大概可分为三种:第一,犯罪之官员;第二,大逆无道罪犯家属;第三,各种刑事犯罪人员。各种类型人员或因犯罪或被牵连而徙边敦煌郡,对敦煌郡的人口增长、经济与文化发展具有极大的促进意义。与此同时,各类人员徙边敦煌,促进了中原先进技术在当地的传播,并且这些文化和技术还通过敦煌继续影响西域地区,从而推动了地区间文化、科技的交流。

It was a normal measure for the Western Han government to banish criminals to Dunhuang County.Criminals who came to Dunhuang County could be roughly divided into three types according to the types of personnel:the convicted officials,family members of criminals who have committed heinous crimes,and other criminals.Various types of personnel came to Dunhuang County because of crimes or being implicated,which had great significance in the population growth,economic and cultural development of Dunhuang County.Meanwhile,different people coming to Dunhuang promoted the spread of advanced technology from the Central Plains,and these cultures and technologies would continue to affect the western regions through Dunhuang,thus promoting the exchange of culture and technology between China and the West.