埃及气候变化应对策略及其困境

Egypt’s Climate Change Coping Strategy and Its Dilemma

在全球气候变暖的背景下,埃及近年来年平均气温居高不下,海平面不断上升,尼罗河三角洲备受威胁,干旱程度加重,水资源短缺加剧,多种疾病的患病率增高,危害公众健康。为了应对气候变化,埃及成立环境部门与气候机构,制定相应的气候政策,出台相关法律法规,非政府组织及其社会各界付出了一定程度的努力,埃及与国际组织和世界各国也不断加强气候治理合作。埃及应对气候变化虽然取得了一定成效,但治理效果却十分有限。埃及应对气候变化面临的困境包括:气候问题长期处于政府决策的边缘地位,且财政支持不足;气候立法缓慢;人口众多,国民环保意识普遍薄弱;全球气候治理的不公平现象对埃及气候治理产生了负面影响等。从长远来看,埃及因受限于各种条件,在应对气候变化领域仍将面临严峻挑战。

Under the background of climate warming, in recent years, Egypt’s average temperature remains high, sea level keeps rising, the Nile Delta is under serious threat. Egypt’s drought degree exacerbated, water shortage aggravated, prevalence of multiple diseases is increasing and endangering public health. To cope with climate change, the government of Egypt established environmental departments and climate institutions, formulated corresponding climate policies, implemented relevant laws and regulations. Egyptian NGOs and all sectors of society had made some efforts. In addition, Egypt strengthened climate cooperation with international organizations and countries around the world continuously. Egypt has made some achievements in coping with climate change, but the effect of climate governance is very limited. The difficulties faced by Egypt in coping with climate change include the long-term marginalization of climate issues in government decision-making, insufficient financial support, slow climate legislation, large population, the national awareness of environmental protection is generally weak and the unfairness of global climate governance has had a negative impact on climate governance in Egypt, etc. In the long run, Egypt will face severe challenges in the field of climate change due to various conditions.