合作化时期沿海“半渔半农”生产结构的调整与平衡——以山东日照地区为中心

Semi-Fishing and Semi-Farming Structure of Production in Coastal Areas in the Cooperative Period:The Case of Rizhao of Shandong

半渔半农的生产结构是中国沿海渔村社会的主要特征。传统社会中,渔民既从事海洋捕捞,又兼垦农田,以之平衡生产风险。不过,随着集体化进程的推进和工业化发展的需求,这种半渔半农生产结构逐渐改变。1955年秋,山东沿海组建了大量纯渔业社,却导致失地渔民生活困难。经过纠正和调整,半渔半农合作社成为沿海地区渔业组织的主要形态。与纯渔业社相比,渔农结合社可视为国家迈进专业化与传统渔民平衡风险的折中,体现了“大国小农”的基本国情。

The present paper delineates the history, in which Shandong had set up a large number of exclusively fishing cooperatives leading to a hard life for the local fishing population and then reconstructed them into a semi-fishing and semi-farming structure adaptable to the local tradition and reality in the 1950s. It argues that this effort reflects the basic national conditions known as small peasants in a big country.