民族主义与民粹主义之辨——基于概念研究的视角

The Debate between Nationalism and Populism--From the Perspective of Conceptual Research

为了解决民族主义与民粹主义在“概念旅行”后出现的“概念延展”问题,研究者们通过“概念加形容词”的方式提出了“民粹民族主义”与“民族民粹主义”这两类概念亚类型。但是,这并没有让两者之间的混淆问题得以解决。对此,我们可以运用“最小-最大”策略的方式来剥离民族主义与民粹主义的相关属性,进而对比两者的异同。通过概念分解,民族主义与民粹主义出现概念混淆的原因是两者在决定性属性中的家族相似性以及伴随性属性间的共性。两者的显著区别在于:民族主义紧紧围绕民族与国家这两个决定性属性,民粹主义则以人民为核心进行概念建构,其各自的伴随性属性主要围绕决定性属性发挥作用。

In order to solve the problem of"concept stretching"of nationalism and populism after"concepttravel',researchers put forward two conceptual subtypes,"populist nationalism"and"ethnopopulism"through"concept plus adjective".However,this did not solve the confusion between the two.In this study,we use the"min-max"strategy to divorce the relevant attributes of nationalism and populism,and then compare the similarities and differences between them.Through conceptual decomposition,it is found that the reason forthe concept confusion between nationalism and populism is thefamily similarity in the decisive attributes and the commonality between the accompanying attributes.The significant difference between the two is that while nationalism is tightly focused on the two decisive attributes of nation and state,populism is conceptually constructed withthepeopleat its core,and their respective concomitant attributes function mainly around their decisive attributes.