用忠、用能与用隶:《西游记》的人事策略——兼论天宫的政治、经济、军事与人事体制

The Personnel Strategies in Journey to the West:Loyal,Talented and Obedient--On Heaven’s Political,Economic and Military Affairs and Personnel Systems

基于《西游记》的文本内容,从用忠、用能、用隶等角度分析天宫及所辖势力的人事策略,玉帝以用忠为主,如来以用能为主,太上老君则是用隶,他们的人事策略与各自想要达成的目的相调适,最终都服从于玉帝维护天宫秩序的最高目标。“天”是相对独立的一种政治势力,这个既依靠又独立于佛、道两派之外的一极,受制于天宫中的政治、经济、军事和人事体制,对如来所辖势力在人间的扩张采取了放任甚至支持的态度,以期形成天宫权力系统的某种平衡。

In the context of Journey to the West,the personnel strategies of the Heaven and the forces under its jurisdiction are analyzed from the perspective of employment of loyal,talented,and obedient officials.The Jade Emperor employed loyal officials,Buddha talents,and Lord Lao Zi slaves.Their personnel strategies were adapted to the goals they wanted to achieve,and in the end they all obeyed the Jade Emperor’s highest goal of maintaining the order of the Heaven.The article proposes that“Tiān(天)”is a relatively independent political force,which is both dependent on and independent of the two schools of Buddhism and Taoism.“Tiān(天)”is also subject to the political,economic,military and personnel systems of the Heaven.This political force has adopted a permissive and even supportive attitude toward the expansion of the Buddha’s power on mortal world,with a view to forming a certain balance in the power system of the Heaven.