责怨式话语标记“又来了”

“Youlaile” as a Discourse Marker of Blame and Complaint

“又来了”除了可以用为动词短语,表示动作行为的重复发生之外,还可以用为表示责怨义的话语标记。话语标记“又来了”的组合较早出现于明末,其中的“来”是一个代动词,而不是行为动词。“又来了”虚化的动因有三个:(1)句法动因——结构压缩;(2)语义动因——概指义的主观化;(3)语用动因——降低面子威胁。“又来了”的语用功能有三个:行域层面的责怨;知域层面的否定;言域层面的劝谏。

In modern Chinese,youlaile(又来了)can be used as not only a phrasal verb to indicate the repetition of actions and behaviors,but also a discourse marker to express blame and complaint.Youlaile,as a discourse marker,appeared in the late Ming Dynasty,in which lai was a pro-verb rather than an action verb.There are three causes of the delexicalization of youlaile:1)syntactic motivation:compression of structure;2)semantic motivation:subjectivization of generalized meaning;3)pragmatic motivation:reduction of face threat.There are three pragmatic functions of youlaile:1)blame and complaint in Acting Domain;2)negation in Knowing Domain;3)remonstrance in Uttering Domain.