贵州省国家重点保护野生植物物种多样性特征

Study on the Diversity of National Key Protected Wild Plants in Guizhou Province

为了更好地了解贵州省分布的国家重点保护野生植物的种类、科属组成、特有性、濒危状况等特征,本文依据2021年9月发布的《国家重点保护野生植物名录》,通过查阅对比文献和馆藏标本,梳理总结了贵州省国家重点保护野生植物的多样性特征。结果表明:(1)贵州省分布的国家重点保护野生植物有241种,隶属于60科102属,其中国家一级保护野生植物22种,国家二级保护野生植物219种。较1999版名录新增一级10种,降级3种;新增二级169种,移除11种。(2)共包含5个类群,其中被子植物最为丰富,有44科76属192种,其次为裸子植物有6科15属27种,石松与蕨类植物有7科8属18种,苔藓有2科2属3种,大型真菌有1科1属1种。(3)物种数量最多的科、属分别为兰科(80种)、石斛属(25种);贵州特有种10种。(4)贵州省分布的241种国家重点保护野生植物中易危(VU)等级以上的有142种,占总种数的58.92%。

This study aims to better understand the species,family and genus composition,as well as the endemic and endangered status of National key protected wild plants in Guizhou Province of China.In this paper,the diversity of wild plants was sorted out and summarized to compare the literature and collections of specimens in the new edition of the National Key Protected Wild Plants List that released in September 2021.The results showed that:(1)There were 241 species of national key protected wild plants distributed in Guizhou Province,which belong to 60 families and 102 genera,of which about 22 species are under national protection;There are about 219 species of national second-class protected plants.Compared with the 1999 edition,10 new species were added at the first level and 3 downgrades;169 new species were added at the second level,and 11 were removed.(2)Five groups were divided,among which angiosperms with 44 families,76 genera,and 192 species were the majority,gymnosperms with 6 families,15 genera and 27 species,lycopyces and ferns with 7 families,8 genera and 18 species,bryophytes with 2 families,2 genera and 3 species,macrofungi with 1 family,1 genus and 1 species.(3)The largest number of species were Orchidaceae(80 species)and Dendrobium(25 species).There were 10 endemic species in the study area.(4)Among the 241 species,142 species are more vulnerable(VU),accounting for 58.92%of the total state key protected plants that distributed in Guizhou.