摘要
水资源短缺是制约西北干旱区经济社会高质量发展和生态安全保障的最关键自然因素。文章系统分析了西北干旱区水资源与生态环境变化趋势,从用水结构、水资源利用效率等解析了水资源承载力变化。结果显示,西北干旱区气温以0.32℃/10年的速率升高,降水以9.32 mm/10年的速率增加;冰川加速萎缩,冰雪融水径流增加,自20世纪90年代中期以来,山区来水量增加约110×10^(8)m^(3),水资源可利用总量增加。近10年来,水资源节约利用成效显著,用水效率不断提高,水资源承载力不断增强,生态系统健康向好发展。但西北干旱区水资源问题依然突出,极端气候水文事件强度加大,生态环境仍然脆弱,未来需要进一步挖掘水资源潜力,提升水资源管理水平,加大生态保护修复力度,以应对气候变化可能带来的风险。
The arid region of Northwest China is one of the driest regions in the world and is characterized with severe water scarcity. Water shortage is the most critical natural factor limiting the high-quality economic and social development and ecological security in the arid region of Northwest China. Based on the long-term monitoring data from the field stations of Chinese Academy of Sciences, observation data of meteorological stations, water resources bulletin and the remote sensing data, this study systematically analyzes the basic characteristics of water resources and ecological environment in the arid region of Northwest China, assesses the changing trends of hydrological elements, water resources, and ecological environment. Besides, this study analyzes the changes of water resources carrying capacity in terms of water use structure and water resources utilization efficiency, and puts forward some suggestions on sustainable water resources utilization and ecological and environmental protection. The results show that the temperature in the arid region of Northwest China has increased at a rate of 0.32 ℃/decade and precipitation has increased at a rate of 9.32 mm/decade. The glaciers are shrinking at accelerating rate and the runoff supplied by glacier/snow meltwater has increased. The amount of water resources has increased by about 11 billion m^(3) since the mid-1990s. In the past decade, water use efficiency has been improved, water-saving irrigation area has been expanded, and agricultural water production efficiency has been improved due to water conservation and utilization measures. Water environment capacity has been increased, water carrying capacity has been enhanced, surface water area has been expanded, and the ecosystem condition has improved. However, water resources problems are still prominent in the arid region of Northwest China, the intensity of extreme climate and hydrological events has increased, and the ecological environment is still fragile. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the water resources potential of this region, improve the water resources management, and enhance ecological protection and restoration efforts for better adaptation to the possible risks of climate change, so as to provide scientific and technological support for promoting the construction of the “Green Silk Road” and realizing high-quality regional economic and social development.
作者
陈亚宁
李忠勤
徐建华
沈彦俊
邢晓旭
谢天
李稚
杨林山
席海洋
朱成刚
方功焕
司建华
张元明
CHEN Yaning;LI Zhongqin;XU Jianhua;SHEN Yanjun;XING Xiaoxu;XIE Tian;LI Zhi;YANG Linshan;XI Haiyang;ZHU Chenggang;FANG Gonghuan;SI Jianhua;ZHANG Yuanming(Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China;Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China;School of Geographic Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200062,China;Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050021,China;Bureau of Science&Technology for Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100864,China;Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)
出处
《中国科学院院刊》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第3期385-393,共9页
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences
基金
中国科学院重点部署项目(ZDRWZS-2019-3)
国家自然科学基金(42130512)。
关键词
水文水资源
生态环境
气候变化
用水效率
西北干旱区
hydrological processes and water resources
ecological environment
climate change
water use efficiency
arid region of northwest China