粤港澳大湾区1990-2020年农作物种植结构时空演变

Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Crop Planting Structure in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 1990 to 2020

【目的】农作物种植结构的时空变化反映区域农业的供需格局变化,是政府制定未来一段时间内农业区域发展战略的重要依据。探究粤港澳大湾区过去30年的农作物种植结构时空变化规律,为下一步合理调整农作物种植结构和农业布局提供基础依据。【方法】利用区县级农作物种植数据,综合运用时序变化趋势、空间集聚分析等方法,从种植结构类型和种植面积占比变化趋势分析粤港澳大湾区县域种植结构的时空特征。【结果】1990—2020年,粤港澳大湾区82%县市调整了种植结构,粮食和油料、糖蔗等重要农作物的种植比重逐步下降,而蔬菜、水果等高收益作物显著增加,且农作物种植类型丰富度增加。种植结构类型上,以2010年为分界,粤港澳大湾区从水稻为主型的种植结构转变为蔬菜为主型占半数,水稻-蔬菜-水果组合型为辅,水稻为主型、水果为主型和蔬菜-水果组合型三类平衡的格局。空间上,不同种植结构类型变化的空间聚集格局有所差异,其中蔬菜和水稻种植在城镇化发展水平相对更高的“广佛”地区呈现空间聚集特征。【结论】过去30年,粤港澳大湾区种植结构变化呈现从粮食生产为主向多元种植演变、进一步集中在蔬菜、水果等经济作物的演变趋势。在资源环境约束日益增强的背景下,如何守住耕地红线,提高农业综合服务水平,进一步满足城镇居民对高质量农产品的需求,是下一步粤港澳大湾区种植结构调整的关键。

The temporal and spatial change of crop planting structure reflects the change of regional agricultural supply and demand patterns,and is an important basis for the government to formulate regional agricultural development strategy in the future.【Objective】The study aims to explore the temporal and spatial changes of crop planting structures in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)in the past 30 years,and provide a basis for the reasonable adjustment of crop planting structure and agricultural layout next step.【Method】With the regional and county-level crop planting data,the temporal and spatial characteristics of the planting structures in the GBA from 1990 to 2020 were analyzed from the types of planting structure and the change trend of planting proportion by using the methods of time series change trend and spatial agglomeration analysis.【Result】From 1990 to 2020,82.35%of counties and cities in the GBA adjusted the planting structures.The proportions of grain,oil plants,sugarcane and other important agricultural products decreased gradually,while those of the high-income crops such as vegetables and fruits increased significantly,and the richness of the main planting types of crops increased.In terms of planting structure type,with 2010 as the boundary,the GBA has changed from a rice-dominated type to a vegetable-dominated type accounting for half,supplemented by a rice-vegetable-fruit combination type,showing a balanced layout of rice-dominated type,fruit-dominated type and vegetable-fruit combination type.In terms of spatial pattern,different planting structure types have different spatial aggregation patterns,among which vegetable and rice planting show spatial aggregation characteristics in Guangzhou and Foshan areas with relatively higher urbanization development level.【Conclusion】In the past 30 years,the planting structure of the GBA has changed from food production to diversified planting,and further concentrated on cash crops such as vegetables and fruits.Under the background of increasing resource and environmental constraints,keeping the red line of cultivated land improving comprehensive agricultural service level,and further meetin the demand of urban residents for high-quality agricultural products are the key points to the adjustment of planting structures in the GBA next step.