基于生态系统多维特征的粤港澳大湾区国土空间生态保护修复分区研究

Ecological protection and restoration zoning of territorial space in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area based on multidimensional ecosystem features

我国国土空间生态保护修复已进入“山水林田湖草”系统治理和建设阶段。开展生态保护修复的分区研究,正确认识生态系统的地域组合特征及其分异规律,可以为落实系统治理理念提供空间指导。当前生态保护修复分区研究逐渐重视生态系统的完整性,但对于生态系统表征维度相对单一,导致对国土空间系统性综合认知受限。基于此,基于生态安全理论以及生态系统综合评估框架,构建生态保护修复分区的多维度指标体系,以提升对国土空间的系统性综合认知。以流域为基本单元,在评估粤港澳大湾区生态现状本底和退化特征的基础上,采用空间聚类方法划分两级生态保护修复分区。结果表明:(1)各流域生态现状质量和退化程度空间分异较为明显。生态现状质量呈现出外部高、中部低的圈层式分异特征。而生态退化空间分布则相对分散。(2)以生态现状综合指数与一级分区指标数据的空间异质性为基础,可将研究区划分为5个在空间上连续的生态保护修复一级区。以生态退化综合指数与二级分区指标数据的空间异质性为基础,可在一级区内部划分出11类29个生态保护修复二级区。研究方案可为国土空间的“山水林田湖草”系统治理提供生态分区优化路径。同时也为研究区生态保护修复提供了空间决策支持。

The ecological protection and restoration of China′s national land space has entered the stage of systematic management and construction of “mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands”. A comprehensive zoning study on the ecological protection and restoration can provide spatial guidance for the implementation of the concept of systemic governance by correctly understanding the characteristics of the geographical combination of ecosystems and their differentiation. The current zoning research on ecological protection and restoration is gradually focusing on the integrity of ecosystems, but the dimension of ecosystem characterization is relatively single, leading to a limited comprehensive cognition of the spatial systemic nature of the country. This study constructs a multidimensional index system for the ecological protection and restoration zoning based on ecological security theory and a comprehensive ecosystem assessment framework, in order to improve the systematic and comprehensive cognition of territorial space. Using watershed as the basic unit, this study adopts a spatial clustering approach to delineate two levels of ecological protection and restoration zones based on the assessment of the current ecological background and degradation characteristics of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. The results show that:(1) The current ecological quality and degradation of each watershed vary greatly, and the spatial differentiation is also relatively obvious, but the current ecological quality shows a circled differentiation with high quality in the outer part and low quality in the middle. In contrast, the spatial distribution of ecological degradation is relatively dispersed.(2) Based on the spatial heterogeneity of the comprehensive ecological status index and first grade zoning index data, the study area can be divided into five spatially continuous first grade zones of ecological protection and restoration. Based on the spatial heterogeneity of the composite index of ecological degradation and second grade zoning index data, the study area can be divided into 11 categories and 29 secondary zones of ecological protection and restoration within the first grade zone. The research scheme of the study can provide an ecological zoning optimization path for the systematic management of “mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands” on territorial space. It also provides spatial decision support for ecological protection and restoration in the study area.