美国水资源调查监测评价体系综述及对中国的启示

Water survey,monitoring and assessment system in America and implications for China

系统梳理发达国家水资源调查监测与评价体系,汲取有益经验,可为我国当前的自然资源调查监测体系建设提供有益参考.考虑到美国在此方面的先进性,首先以文献综述的方式回顾了美国水资源调查监测与评价的历史发展过程;然后着重从监测技术、组织方式、调查目标、调查内容与评价方法等方面概述了美国水资源调查监测与评价的现状;进而依据其水资源普查进展报告,对美国水资源普查的未来规划进行了总结与展望.在此基础上,针对我国当前水资源调查评价存在的问题,通过系统对比与分析,从数据共享、不确定性分析、水文模型开发应用以及遥感技术推广4个方面提出经验借鉴.

Systematic reviews of water survey,monitoring and assessment system in developed countries provide useful reference for construction of natural resources survey and monitoring system in China.Historical developments in water survey,monitoring and assessment in America are reviewed by literature search.The current status of water survey,monitoring and assessment in America was outlined by focusing on monitoring technology,organization,survey objectives,survey contents and assessment methods.Progress in water survey,future-plan of water survey in America are summarized.Current problems in water survey and assessment in Chinas are compared and analyzed.Lessons could be learned in four areas:data sharing,uncertainty analysis,development and application of hydrological models,and promotion of remote sensing technology.