延迟退休政策的国际实践与中国选择

International Practice of Delayed Retirement Policy and China’s Choice

从国际横向比较来看,中国的法定退休年龄规定大幅低于经济合作与发展组织(OECD)国家平均水平,实施延迟退休改革是中国养老保险制度改革的必然方向。在OECD各国现行退休年龄规定以及对各国延迟退休政策进行比较分析的基础上,提出以下观点:延迟退休方案可以保留适度的男女退休年龄差距作为改革突破口;延迟退休要合理设立提前退休、延后退休以及分类退休等弹性机制;延迟退休配套机制设计中要充分考虑劳动者合法权益,减少劳动者的实际工作时长,减轻劳动者的工作负担;基础养老金与个人账户养老金之间可以设定不同的退休年龄规定。

From international cross-sectional comparison,it is found that China’s statutory retirement age is significantly lower than the average level of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)countries,so implementing the reform of delayed retirement will definitely be the way for China’s pension system reform.Based on the comparative analysis of current retirement ages of OECD countries and the delayed retirement policies of various countries,the paper puts forward the following ideas.The delayed retirement scheme can retain a moderate gap between the retirement ages of men and women as a breakthrough in the reform,and it should reasonably set up flexible mechanisms such as early retirement,delayed retirement and classified retirement.The supporting mechanism of the delayed retirement should be designed to fully consider the legitimate rights and interests of workers,reduce their actual working hours,and reduce their workload.In addition,it is necessary to set different retirement ages between basic pensions and individual account pensions.