梅毒螺旋体实验室检测技术研究进展

Advances in Laboratory Testing Technology for Syphilis Spirochetes

梅毒是一种长期发展的性传播疾病,孕妇一旦感染梅毒螺旋体可引起胎儿早产甚至分娩出先天梅毒患儿,给患者家庭以及社会带来沉重的负担。患者若不及时治疗,可引发梅毒性脑膜炎、脑膜塑胶样肿等症状,尽早检查阻断梅毒传播途径,尽早治疗改善患者的预后。因此,我国十分重视梅毒螺旋体的筛查,将其作为孕前优生基本项目之一。梅毒螺旋体实验室检测结果是诊断梅毒最直接的证据。梅毒的诊断依赖于梅毒螺旋体实验室检测结果,包括血清学检测以及病原学检测,前者主要有化学发光免疫法、胶体金法等检测方法;后者近年来发展迅速,主要有核酸扩增检测技术等。本文对近年来梅毒螺旋体实验室检测技术发展及研究成果进行了回顾性分析,对梅毒螺旋体常见实验室检测技术及应用效果进行综述。

Syphilis is a long-term development of sexually transmitted diseases,once pregnant women are infected with syphilis spirochetes can cause premature delivery of the fetus or even delivery of congenital syphilis children,bringing a heavy burden to the patient's family and society.If patients are not treated in time,it can lead to syphilitic meningitis,meningeal plastic swelling and other symptoms,early detection to block the transmission of syphilis,early treatment to improve the prognosis of patients.Therefore,China attaches great importance to syphilis spirochete screening,especially as one of the basic pre-conception eugenics program.The results of syphilis spirochete labora⁃tory tests are the most direct evidence for the diagnosis of syphilis.The diagnosis of syphilis depends on the results of syphilis spirochete laboratory tests,including serological tests and pathogenic tests,the former mainly has chemilumi⁃nescence immunoassay,colloidal gold method and other testing methods;the latter has developed rapidly in recent years,mainly has nucleic acid amplification detection technology.This paper reviews the development and research re⁃sults of laboratory testing techniques for syphilis spirochetes in recent years,and reviews the common laboratory test⁃ing techniques for syphilis spirochetes and their application effects.