面向多元主体需求的耕地质量体系新认知

New cognition of the cultivated land quality system for the needs of multiple subjects

在耕地需求更趋多样化的背景下,深刻认识耕地质量内涵及体系构成,是推进耕地质量理论研究、制定耕地质量评价标准、实施区域耕地质量监测的基础。该文基于质量管理理论,在分析耕地的性状与功能、耕地利用的多元主体及多样化需求基础上,探讨了耕地质量体系、特点及表达方式,旨在完善耕地质量理论研究。结果表明:1)耕地作为种植农作物的土地,展现为类型、空间、工程、管理等多个方面性状,具有生产、资产、生态和社会功能。2)耕地利用的主体可以划分为耕地经营主体、物权主体和管理主体,对耕地的需求可分为生产、资产、生态和社会需求,各类主体围绕耕地及其利用相互分工,同时又互相博弈,使得耕地利用多元主体的需求更趋多样化。3)耕地质量是耕地自身各种性状与功能满足多元耕地利用多元主体需求的程度,可以划分为地力质量、设施质量、空间质量、生态质量、美学与文化质量。4)耕地质量是人们根据一定标准对耕地及其利用进行调查和监测后做出的定量评价,具有以下特点:客观现实与主观行为的融合、质量体系与指标体系的契合、空间格局与耕地过程的耦合、观测尺度与本征尺度的调合、变量场与类型域的结合。5)耕地质量是对耕地某方面的质的有量纲量(绝对量)或无量纲量(相对量)表达。该研究可为耕地质量理论研究和质量管理相关工作参考依据。

Arable(Cultivated)land has been highly valued for the relationship with survival and development in human history.The precious and limited natural land resource is closely related to the national food security,quality,and safety of agricultural products and ecological system.It is very necessary to fully meet the practical needs of modern agricultural development and diversified subjects of cultivated land use.Since the 18th Party Congress in Chinese government,the construction of ecological civilization has been pushed to an unprecedented height,in order to comprehensively practice the concept of“green water and green mountains are the silver mountain of gold”.Among them,the quality of cultivated land can be expected to improve the ecosystem.The connotation and system composition of cultivated land quality can greatly contribute to the evaluation standards,and the quality monitoring of regional cultivated land,particularly in the more diversified needs of arable land.In this study,the quality system was established to fully meet the multiple subjects of cropland utilization and diversified demands,according to the traits and functions of cropland.The characteristics and expressions of cropland were utilized to improve the theoretical study of cropland quality.The main conclusions were as follows:1)There were the multiple traits in the cropland for growing crops,in terms of type,space,engineering,and management,indicating the production,asset,ecological,and social functions.2)The main subjects of cultivated land utilization were divided into the cropland management,property rights,and management subjects.The demand of cropland was divided into the production,asset,ecological and social aspects.Various subjects were divided the work around the cropland and the utilization.3)The quality of cultivated land was corresponded to the various characteristics and functions of cultivated land,in order to meet the needs of multiple subjects using diversified cultivated land.The basic quality was divided into the land,facility,space,ecological,aesthetic,and cultural quality.4)Cultivated land quality was a quantitative evaluation to investigate and monitor the cultivated land,according to the national standards.The following characteristics were:the integration of objective reality and subjective behavior,the combination of quality system and index system,the coupling of spatial pattern and cultivated land process,the coordination of observation scale and intrinsic scale,and the combination of variable field and type domain.5)The quality of cultivated land was the expression for the cultivated land quality,in terms of the dimensionless quantity(absolute quantity)or dimensionless quantity(relative quantity).In general,a special relationship of supply and demand was formed between the cultivated land and the subjects of utilization,indicating the characteristics and functions of cultivated land in the needs of the subjects of utilization.The quality of cultivated land was also the long-term interaction between the subject of cultivated land use and the object of cultivated land,due to the subjective nature of cultivated land development and construction,as well as the dynamic nature of demand.The dialectical relationship between subjectivity and objectivity of arable land quality can be expected to serve as the more comprehensive understanding of cultivated land quality,in order to better improve the cultivated land quality management in China.