低出生体重早产儿肠道微生态研究进展

Research progress of the gut microbiota in preterm and low birth weight infants

肠道微生态与新生儿生长发育、神经系统发展及新生儿疾病关系是近年研究热点之一。肠道菌群可影响新生儿膳食成分代谢消化等重要生理过程。因出生后所处环境、喂养方式等与足月儿不同,低出生体重早产儿肠道菌群定植和演变过程与足月儿存在差异。稳定的肠道菌群及完整的肠黏膜屏障可限制肠道致病菌生长,肠道菌群失调与多种新生儿疾病相关。因此,本文总结了低出生体重早产儿肠道菌群特征、影响因素及远期关联、干预措施等方面的研究进展,以期为国内学者建立理论基础,提供治疗思路。

The relationship between intestinal microecology and neonatal growth and development, nervous system development and neonatal disease is one of the hot topics in recent years. The gut microbiota affects vital processes such as metabolism and digestion of dietary components. The colonization and evolution of intestinal flora of low birth weight preterm infants are different from those of full-term infants due to their different environment and feeding methods after birth. Stable gut microbiota and intact intestinal mucosal barrier can limit the growth of intestinal pathogens, and the imbalance of intestinal flora is associated with a variety of neonatal diseases. Therefore, this paper summarized the research progress in the characteristics, influencing factors, long-term association and intervention measures of intestinal flora of premature infants with low birth weight, in order to establish a theoretical basis for domestic scholars and provide treatment ideas.