不同规格芦苇沙障生态保护成效研究

Study on conservation effectiveness of reed sand barrier with different types

沙障是减缓地表风蚀、保护地表植被的重要措施之一,为筛选适宜呼伦湖流域沙地风沙防治的芦苇沙障设置模式,试验按照行距1、1.5、2 m的带状以及1 m×1 m、1.5 m×1.5 m、2 m×2 m的方格状共设置6种不同规格芦苇沙障,选取防风效能、表层土壤含水量、地表蒸发量、沙障内修复物种生长情况4个指标评估不同规格芦苇沙障生态保护成效。结果显示:方格状芦苇沙障生态保护成效高于带状芦苇沙障,其中方格状芦苇沙障平均防风效能、表层土壤含水量及地表蒸发量由高到低依次为1m×1 m>1.5 m×1.5 m>2 m×2 m;对6种芦苇沙障模式内冰草[Agropyron cristatum(L.)Gaertn.]、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus Turcz.ex Griseb.in Ledeb.)和小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla Lam.)的植被生长情况分析显示,冰草在1 m×1 m方格状芦苇沙障生长较好。合理的沙障设置,不仅能够防风固沙,并且可减少土壤水分的流失。

Sand barrier is one of the important measures to mitigate the surface wind erosion and protect the surface vegetation.In order to select the suitable mode of reed sand barrier for controlling wind and sand in Hulun Lake Basin,six types of reed sand barriers were set up including three belt sand barriers with the banded row spacing of 1 m,1.5 m,2 m and the square sand barriers of 1 m×1 m,1.5 m×1.5 m,2 m×2 m.Four indexes including wind prevention efficiency,soil moisture content,surface evaporation,and the growth of ecological restoration species in sand barriers were selected to evaluate the ecological protection achievement of six types of reed sand barriers.The results showed that the ecological protection achievement of square reed sand barriers were higher than that of belt reed sand barriers.The average windbreak efficiency,soil surface moisture content and surface evaporation of square reed sand barriers from high to low were:1 m×1 m>1.5 m×1.5 m>2 m×2 m.The analysis of the ability vegetation growth of Agropyron cristatum(L.)Gaertn.,Elymus dahuricus Turcz.ex Griseb.in Ledeb.,and Caragana microphylla Lam.in the six types of reed sand barrier showed that Agropyron cristatum grew well in the 1 m×1 m square reed sand barrier.The preferred measure of sandy land control in Hulun Lake basin was the 1.0 m×1.0 m reed sand barrier planting Agropyron cristatum,which could inhibit wind speed and reduce soil moisture loss,and provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the restoration of sandy grassland in this area.