《反有组织犯罪法》中犯罪工具没收的教义学解释

Legal Dogmatics-based Interpretation of the Provisions on Confiscation of Criminal Instruments in the Anti-Organized Crime Law

《反有组织犯罪法》第45条是对《刑法》第64条规定内容的重申,两者在制度属性上应作相同理解。包括没收犯罪工具在内的特别没收属于对物保安处分,兼具预防人身危险性及消除物品公共危险性的双重目的。《反有组织犯罪法》中关于没收犯罪工具的相关条款存在内生的工具化风险及不当扩张的隐忧,对此,应引入比例原则激活刑法教义学内部的逻辑规则与解释机理,建构一套具有层次性、开放性、规范性的检验程序,从而实现对犯罪工具没收范围的限缩。

Article 45 of the Anti-Organized Crime Law of the People’s Republic of China is a reaffirmation of the provisions of Article 64 of the Criminal Law.The two should share the same understanding in terms of their systemic nature.Special confiscation,including the confiscation of criminal instruments,is a security measure for goods,which has the dual purpose of preventing personal danger and eliminating public danger of goods.The relevant provisions of the Anti-Organized Crime Law on the confiscation of criminal instruments have inherent risks of instrumentalization and improper expansion.In this regard,the principle of proportionality should be introduced to activate the logic rules and interpretation mechanism within the doctrine of criminal law,and a set of hierarchical,open and normative test procedures should be constructed to realize the restriction of the scope of confiscation of criminal instruments.