辽代身后恩宠制度研究

Research on the System of Favors After Death in the Liao Dynasty

辽代身后恩宠形式有:追赠官爵、赐谥,辍朝临吊,敕撰墓志、遣使主持丧仪、赗赠,树碑立祠、绘像及陪葬皇陵、官给葬具、官其子孙、配享等。辽代身后恩宠制度在具体形式上主要承袭唐制又受宋制影响,而在具体施行时又呈现出辽代特色,如享受赐谥、陪葬皇陵待遇的条件相比唐宋更加苛刻,临吊待遇表现了辽代女性可以参预政治的特色。辽代身后恩宠制度肯定了身故之人生前的功绩,表彰并安抚拉拢了身故者所在家族,减少了影响辽朝统治的潜在因素。同时,因为辽代身后恩宠制度滥用也产生了一定的消极作用。

The forms of favors after death in the Liao Dynasty include: conferring official titles, conferring posthumous titles, dropping out of the dynasty, writing epitaphs, sending envoys to preside over funeral ceremonies, giving gifts, erecting monuments, painting statues and burying imperial tombs, official burial tools, official descendants, etc. The system of favors after death in the Liao Dynasty mainly inherited the Tang system and was influenced by the Song system in specific forms. However, when it was implemented, it showed the characteristics of the Liao Dynasty. For example, the conditions for enjoying posthumous titles, burying the emperor’s mausoleumwere more harsh than those in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The temporary hanging treatment showed the characteristics of women’s participation in politics in the Liao Dynasty. The system of favors after death in the Liao Dynasty affirmed the achievements of the deceased before his death and set an example of loyalty to the monarch and patriotism;commend and appease the family of the deceased;it played a positive role in forming a good social atmosphere of loyalty and patriotism, thus reducing the potential factors affecting the rule of the Liao Dynasty. At the same time, the system of favors after death in the Liao Dynasty had a certain negative effect because of the abuse of favors after death.