电力量子计量技术的进展与趋势

Progress and Trend of Power Quantum Metrology Technology

现有的电力基标准均是基于电磁原理,受限于原理和测量技术,继续提升准确度水平已接近物理极限。相较于传统电力基标准,量子计量与传感将物理量溯源至基本物理常数,具有准确度高、复现不受客观条件制约等显著优点,近年来得到了很快的发展。因此,围绕电力计量主要的参量,包括电流、电压、电能及时间4个方面,比较了基于单电子隧道效应和粒子加速器的两种量子电流技术的发展趋势,介绍了基于量子精密磁测量的新型电流传感技术以及电流量子比例技术;总结了交直流量子电压装置的发展,以及在电压比例溯源和电能的溯源应用,可有效提升现有的电压/电能的溯源水平;总结了时间频率计量技术的整体进展和趋势,以国家电网计量中心建立的国家电网时间频率体系架构和应用为例,介绍了量子时间的应用形态。目前电力量子计量技术取得了突破性的发展,电力与量子的融合研究刚刚起步,研究潜力很大,值得重点关注和深入研究。

The existing power-based standards are based on electromagnetic principles. Limited by principles and measurement techniques, continuing to improve the accuracy level is close to the physical limit. Compared with the traditional power-based standard, quantum metrology and sensing trace the physical quantity to the basic physical constant, which has the advantages of high accuracy and no restriction of objective conditions, has been developed rapidly in recent years.Therefore, this paper focuses on the main parameters of power metering, including current, voltage, electric energy and time, compares the development trend of two quantum current technologies based on single electron tunneling effect and particle accelerator, and introduces new current sensing technology based on quantum precision magnetic measurement and current quantum ratio technology. The development of AC/DC quantum voltage devices and their application in voltage proportional traceability and power traceability are summarized, which can effectively improve the existing voltage/power traceability level. The overall progress and trend of time and frequency measurement technology are summarized.Taking the time and frequency architecture and application of the State Grid established by the State Grid Measurement Center as an example, the application form of quantum time is introduced. At present, the power quantum metrology technology has made a breakthrough development. The research on the integration of power and quantum has just started,and the research potential is great, which is worthy of attention and in-depth study.