如何看见乡愁?——乡村旅游中乡愁景观的识别与表达

How to Evoke Nostalgia?Identifi cation and Expression of Nostalgia Landscape in Rural Tourism

“乡愁”作为乡村审美的重要主题,在乡村旅游中扮演着保存集体记忆、延续乡土文化的重要角色,亦能作为一种“景观符号”被表达。本研究选取山东省青岛市王哥庄街道为案例地,在视觉语境中,立足于“乡愁能够以景观的方式呈现”这一命题,通过隐喻抽取技术探讨游客与在地居民双主体对当地“乡愁景观”的识别与凝视过程,结合符号学理论分析乡愁的社会文化意义建构逻辑。结果显示:(1)王哥庄乡愁景观系统由“味道记忆类”“仪式场景类”“生活环境类”3种要素构成,各类景观符号动静结合,既有整体又有细节;(2)乡愁本身具有时代性和主体性,它因时代的变迁和情感视角不同而被建构出不同的社会文化意义,在本研究中,乡愁景观的最终符号属性包含生态、文化、情感、社会价值4个维度,并随时代发展体现出反思性、前瞻性的特点;(3)视觉感官确实能够直接刺激乡愁记忆泛起,但乡愁情感的深入体验往往是多感官共同作用的结果,未来的乡村旅游开发应重视乡愁景观的表达,建立起一种“多重具身视觉机制”。

As an important theme of rural aesthetics and an expression of“landscape symbol,”“nostalgia”plays an important role in preserving collective memory and continuing local culture in rural tourism.Wang Ge Zhuang,Qingdao,and Shandong were selected as the sites for the case study.Based on the proposition that“nostalgia can be represented in the form of landscape”and in the visual context,this study uses Metaphor Extraction Technology(ZMET)to explore the process of both tourists and local residents’cognition and identifi cation of the local nostalgia landscape and analyzes the socio-culturally significant construction logic of“nostalgia”from a semiotic perspective.The research fi ndings are as follows.(1)The nostalgia landscape system of Wang Ge Zhuang comprises three elements of“taste memory,”“ritual scene,”and“living environment.”All kinds of landscape symbols are both dynamic and static and integrated as a whole with distinct and detailed individuality.(2)Nostalgia itself has the striking features of time and subjectivity,and diff erent social and cultural meanings are constructed due to changes in time and various emotional perspectives.In this study,the ultimate symbolic attributes of the nostalgia landscape contain the four dimensions of ecology,culture,emotion,and social value and show the characteristics of refl ectiveness and foresight with the progress of time.(3)Visual senses can directly stimulate nostalgic memory,but the deep experience of nostalgia is often the result of the joint action of multiple senses(such as taste).Importance should be attached to the expression of the nostalgia landscape and to the establishment of a“multiple embodied vision mechanism”in the future development of rural tourism.