甜荞产量性状综合评价及AMMI分析

Comprehensive Evaluation on Yield Characters of Common Buckwheat and AMMI Analysis

为了评价全国区域试验甜荞品种(系)在山西不同生态区的性状表现、品种稳定性及适应性,本研究以2019—2020年全国甜荞区试的6个参试品种(系)为试验材料,在山西省榆次(E1)、忻州(E2)、大同(E3)3个生态区种植,对参试品种的产量、每公顷株数、株高、主茎分枝、主茎节数、单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重、生育期等9个主要性状进行考察;采用加性主效应乘积交互作用(AMMI)模型分析和双标图对3个试点进行产量稳定性、适应性及试点鉴别力分析,并对产量相关性状进行变异性分析和遗传相关分析。结果表明,在6个参试品种(系)中,丰产性、稳定性和适应性较好的品种为白荞3号和平荞2号。3个区试点均适宜甜荞品种鉴选,但相比榆次和大同,忻州试点的鉴别力最大。不同试验年份3个试点甜荞品种的产量及相关性状变异较大,6个品种(系)9个性状的变异范围在8.71%~35.80%,平均变异系数达19.34%。其中,变异系数较大的为主茎分枝,然后依次是每公顷株数、单株粒数和单株粒重,株高和生育期变异系数较小。对产量相关性状的遗传相关性分析也表明,株高与主茎分枝、单株粒数与单株粒重、单株粒数与产量以及单株粒重与产量均呈正向遗传的相关关系,而单株粒数与千粒重呈负向遗传的相关关系。遗传力分析结果表明,株高、主茎节数的遗传力较大。因此,甜荞生产中要协调好产量各性状之间的关系,在资源创新和新品系筛选方面应注重秆高、单株粒数多、单株粒重大的品系鉴选,加强相关基因的挖掘。本研究结果为山西甜荞品种的鉴定和选育提供了理论依据。

In order to evaluate the traits’performance,stability and adaptability of national tested buckwheat varieties(lines)in different ecological regions of Shanxi,in this study,six varieties(lines)from the national buckwheat regional test from 2019 to 2020 were used as experimental materials and planted in three ecological regions of Yuci(E1),Xinzhou(E2)and Datong(E3).Nine main traits,i.e.grain yield,plant number per hectare,plant height,number of main stem branches,number of main stem nodes,grain number per plant,grain weight per plant,1000-grain weight and the growth period,were investigated.Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI)model analysis and double-plot analysis were used to analyze yield stability,adaptability and site discrimination.And the variability and genetic correlation of yield-related traits were also analyzed.The results showed,among the six tested varieties(lines),Baiqiao 3 and Pingqiao 2 had better productivity,stability and adaptability.The three regional test sites are all suitable for buckwheat variety identification.However,compared with Yuci District and Datong,Xinzhou had the highest variety discrimination.The yield and yield-related characters of three varieties in three regional test sites varied greatly in different test years.The variation of 9 characters among six varieties was ranged 8.71%~35.80%,and the average coefficient of variation was 19.34%.Among them,the largest variations was found in the number of main stem branches,the followings are the plant number per hectare,grain number per plant and grain weight per plant,the plant height and growth period were both smaller.Genetic correlation analysis of yield-related traits also showed that plant height and main stem branching,grain number per plant and grain weight per plant,grain number per plant and grain yield,grain weight per plant and grain yield were all positively correlated,while grain number per plant and 1000-grain weight was negatively correlated.The result of heritability analysis showed that the heritability of plant height and node number of main stem were higher.Therefore,the relationship among yield characters should be well coordinated in the production of common buckwheat.The identification of high plant,more grain number and bigger grain weight per plant should be emphasized in the resource innovation and the selection of new varieties(lines),and the excavation of related genes should be strengthened.The study provided a theoretical basis for variety identification and selection of common buckwheat.