铀对植物的胁迫效应研究进展

Advances in Stress Effects of Uranium on Plants

铀是一种具有较高化学毒性的放射性核素。铀矿开采、核事故泄露、核废物的不恰当处理等会对周围土壤造成放射性污染。植物体内富集的铀可通过食物链进入人体,从而对人体健康造成伤害。国内外学者针对铀污染土壤的植物修复技术开展了一系列研究工作。本研究系统地总结了铀对植物胁迫效应的研究进展,主要包括铀对植物生长发育、生理生化、基因毒害、水分代谢和营养代谢等方面的影响。并结合当前研究现状,对未来的研究方向进行了展望。本研究结果为进一步阐释富集植物对铀的吸收和转运机制,以及铀污染土壤的植物修复提供了理论依据,对于监测治理铀污染土壤和保护生态环境具有重要意义。

Uranium is a highly toxic radionuclide.Uranium mining,nuclear accident leakage and improper disposal of nuclear waste lead to radioactive pollution of uranium to soil.After being absorbed by plants,uranium enters human body through food chain,resulting in harm to human health.Domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a series of studies on phytoremediation technology of uranium-contaminated soil.This paper systematically summarized the advances in the stress effects of uranium on plants,including the effects of uranium on plant growth and development,physiology and biochemistry,gene toxicity,water metabolism and nutrient metabolism.Based on the current research status,the future research direction was prospected.It will provide reference for further studies on the transfer mechanism of uranium in hyper-accumulator plants and the theoretical basis for phytoremediation of uranium contaminated soil,which is of great significance for monitoring uranium contaminated soil and ecological environment protection.