2020年福建省常住居民健康素养基本技能水平及其影响因素

Basic skills level of health literacy and its influencing factors in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020

目的调查分析2020年福建省常住居民健康素养基本技能水平及其影响因素。方法本研究为横断面研究,于2020年4—11月采用分层多阶段整群抽样法及随机抽样法选取福建省13个县(市、区)的3304名15~69岁城乡常住居民为调查对象进行入户问卷调查。以《中国公民健康素养——基本知识与技能》为依据,问卷内容包括基本知识和理念、健康生活方式与行为、基本技能3个方面,共50道题,其中基本技能12道题,总分16分,以≥13分判定为具备基本技能素养水平。共发放问卷3304份,收回问卷3304份,收回有效问卷3250份。根据福建省2010年第六次全国人口普查数据和监测过程中收集的基础数据对样本进行基础权重、无应答、事后分层调整等,获得具有全省代表性的数据。采用χ^(2)检验和多因素logistic回归分析2020年福建省常住居民健康素养基本技能水平的影响因素。结果根据加权后的数据统计,2020年福建省常住居民健康素养基本技能水平为26.02%,其中城市高于农村(35.00%比20.15%),年龄25~34岁(35.36%)、文化程度高(大专/本科及以上47.20%)、公务员(47.49%)和医务人员(44.00%)、患有慢性病(27.04%)、健康状况较好(31.31%)者具备率均较高(均P<0.05)。基本技能12道题目中,6道题目正确率≥50%,正确率最高的题目是“当地发生烈性传染病后的正确做法”(88.2%),正确率最低的题目是“正确识别标签上印有‘OTC’的药品”(28.7%)。文化程度(不识字/少识字,OR=0.036,95%CI:0.018~0.073;小学,OR=0.091,95%CI:0.053~0.155;初中,OR=0.230,95%CI:0.148~0.357;高中/职高/中专,OR=0.351,95%CI:0.232~0.532;大专/本科及以上,OR=1.000)与居民健康素养基本技能水平呈正相关(P<0.001)。结论2020年福建省常住居民健康素养基本技能水平整体较高,文化程度是其正相关因素。

Objective To investigate and analyze on the basic skills level of health literacy and its influencing factors in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020.Methods In this cross-sectional study,from April to November in 2020,3304 urban and rural permanent residents aged 15-69 years in 13 counties(cities or districts)in Fujian province were selected by stratified multistage cluster sampling and random sampling for household questionnaire survey.Based on“Health literacy of Chinese citizens—basic knowledge and skills”,the questionnaire included three aspects:basic knowledge and concept,healthy lifestyle and behavior and basic skills.There were 50 questions in total,including 12 questions about basic skills with a total score of 16 points.A score of 13 points and above was considered as having basic skills.A total of 3304 questionnaires were issued and reclaimed,and among which 3250 questionnaires were valid.According to the data of the Sixth National Census in 2010 in Fujian province and the basic data collected in the monitoring process,the basic weight,no response and post-stratification adjustment of the samples were made to obtain the representative data of the province.Theχ^(2) test and multivariate logistic regression were applied to analyze the influencing factors of basic skill level of health literacy in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020.Results According to the weighted data,the basic skill level of health literacy in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020 was 26.02%,and it was higher in urban area than that in rural area(35.00%vs 20.15%).It was higher in people aged 25-34 years(35.36%),people with high education level(college/undergraduate and above 47.20%),civil servants(47.49%),medical personnel(44.00%),people with chronic diseases(27.04%)and people with good health condition(31.31%),respectively(all P<0.05).Among the 12 questions on basic skills,the correct rate in 6 questions was≥50%.The question with the highest correct rate was“The correct practices after the occurrence of severe infectious diseases in the local area”(88.2%),and the question with the lowest correct rate was“Correctly identify drugs with‘OTC’printed on the label”(28.7%).Education level(illiterate/less literate,OR=0.036,95%CI:0.018-0.073;primary school,OR=0.091,95%CI:0.053-0.155;junior high school,OR=0.230,95%CI:0.148-0.357;senior high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school,OR=0.351,95%CI:0.232-0.532;college/undergraduate and above,OR=1.000)was positively correlated with the basic skill level of residents′health literacy(P<0.001).Conclusions The overall level of basic health skills in permanent residents in Fujian province in 2020 is relatively high,educational level is a positive correlation factor.