我国长期护理服务政策推进与优化研究--基于137份试点城市政策文本的分析

Study on the Policy Promotion and Optimization of Chinese Long-term Care Service--Based on 137 Policy Texts of Pilot Cities

为积极应对老年人口失能风险,我国于2016年正式启动长期护理保险制度试点工作,为失能人员提供全方位、多层次的长期护理服务。文章利用ROSTCM软件对两批次39个试点城市发布的137份政策文本进行词频统计,通过对比和内容分析,探究我国长期护理服务体系的变迁过程及结构特征。研究发现:在政策推进过程中,我国长期护理服务的定位已由医疗护理为主转向医疗护理与生活照料相结合,服务与机构管理逐步规范,服务形式渐趋多样,服务项目更为多元,服务供给标准更加具体,总体呈现动态化、人性化、标准化、智能化的特征;同时,政策碎片化、时效性低、预防类服务缺失、专业护理人员不足等问题依然存在。因此,需进一步优化政策设计,以促进全国性、统一性长期护理保险制度体系的建立。

In order to actively cope with the risk of disability among elderly population,China officially launched a pilot long-term care insurance system in 2016 to provide all-round and multi-level long-term care services for disabled people.On the basis of sorting out related policy texts,this paper uses ROSTCM to analyze the word frequency of 137 policy texts from two batches of 39 pilot cities,and explores the transition process of Chinese long-term care service and its structural characteristics through comparison and content analysis.The study found that the positioning has changed from medical care to the combination of medical care and daily care,as well as standardized service and institutional management,diversified service forms,more diversified service projects and more specific service supply standards,overall presents the characteristics of dynamic,humanized,standardized and intelligent.However,problems such as policy fragmentation,low timeliness,lack of preventive services and professional nursing staff still exist.It is still necessary to optimize policy design to promote the establishment of a national and unified long-term care insurance system.