论斯拉法对后期维特根斯坦的影响

On Sraffa’s Influence on the Later Wittgenstein

维特根斯坦在《哲学研究》的前言中提到“本书中最为重要的观点”归功于斯拉法的激发。在阿玛蒂亚·森看来,这种关联主要体现在维特根斯坦经由斯拉法而与意大利马克思主义者葛兰西的思想关联以及维特根斯坦后期哲学所谓的“人类学”方式。本文认为,“斯拉法—维特根斯坦”思想关系问题应该从两者在提问的艺术、注意特殊和原始语言等关键概念上的共通之处去把握,由此推进对后期维特根斯坦独特哲学方法的理解。

In the preface of Philosopical Investigations, Ludwig Wittgenstein attributed "the most fruitful ideas in this book" to the inspirations of Pierro Sraffa. In the view of Amartya Sen, this association is mainly reflected in Wittgenstein’s association with the thought of Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci through Sraffa, and the so-called "anthropological" way of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy. This paper holds that the relationship between Sraffa and Wittgenstein should be grasped from the similarities between them in the key concepts such as the art of questioning, paying attention to particularity and primitive language, so as to promote the understanding of Wittgenstein’s unique philosophical methods in the later period.