诠释史脉络下的《论语》“不逆不亿”章——以辩正“先觉”为基点

On the Chapter of "No Anticipate and Suspect" in the Analects in the Context of Interpretive History——Based on the Discrimination of "Xian Jue"

孔子在《论语·宪问》中对“逆诈”“亿不信”之事的评论,惜墨如金,短小精悍,为后世注家留下了广阔的意蕴探索空间。从诠释史视角出发,梳理历代注家对“先觉”的探讨,可见汉晋旧注“舍本逐末”之弊及宋注工夫、境界相分隔之困,直至王阳明在心学理路下结合良知本体将“致先觉”工夫与“诚明”境界紧密勾连,进而重塑了“不逆不亿”章中的贤者品格,才较为完善地诠解了此章意涵。阳明之解不仅为较为正确地把握孔子之言提供了新思路,也为个体修持儒家德性工夫提供了宝贵的精神指引。

Confucius’ s comments about unduly anticipating deceit and suspecting distrust are short but meaningful, leaving broad space of exploring implications. From the perspective of interpretive history, the crux of problems of Confucian scholars’ annotations of Han and Jin Dynasties is the cart before the horse and the separation between "Confucian Gongfu" and "State" in annotations of Song Dynasty, from the perspective of interpretive history. Wang Yangming finally solved these problems by putting forward the cultivation efforts of "Achieve Xian Jue", linking this cultivation effort with the state of "Cheng Ming" by the conscience ontology closely and reshaping the sages’ character in the chapter of "no anticipate and suspect" in the Analects. Yangming’s solution not only provides a new way to correctly understand Confucius’ words, but also provides a valuable spiritual guidance for individuals to cultivate Confucian virtue.