2022年全国三大粮食作物病虫害防控植保贡献率评价研究报告

Evaluation of plant protection contribution of pest control to three major grain crops in China in 2022

近年来,全国农作物病虫害重发频发,对农业生产丰收形成严重威胁。全国农业农村部门和植保体系奋力抗灾,连续组织开展“虫口夺粮”保丰收行动,有效控制了重大病虫害重发为害势头,减轻了灾害损失,保障了国家粮食安全。为客观反映农作物病虫害防控的成效和贡献率,2022年全国农业技术推广服务中心组织河北、吉林、黑龙江等12省(自治区)植保站和83个基层县(市、区)站系统开展了小麦、水稻、玉米三大粮食作物重大病虫害防控植保贡献率评价工作。通过统一设置严格防控区、统防统治区、农户自防区和完全不防治对照区,采用多点试验测产的方法,经科学评估,2022年全国三大粮食作物病虫害(不包括草害和鼠害)防控植保贡献率为20.31%,其中,小麦24.20%、水稻19.46%、玉米18.84%。据此测算,通过农作物病虫害防控,全年共挽回三大粮食作物1.25亿t。鉴于2022年病虫害发生总体相对较轻,本评价结果所测算的植保贡献率数据有可能偏小,遇到病虫害重发年份,在有效防控的情况下,植保贡献率还会相应提高。

In recent years, crop diseases and insect pests occurred frequently throughout the country, posing severe threats to agricultural production and harvest. The national agricultural and rural affairs departments and the plant protection system have been struggling against pests disasters and continuously making efforts to protect food security from pests,effectively controlling the occurrence of major diseases and pests and reducing crop losses. To objectively reflect the effectiveness and contribution of pest control in 2022, the National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center organized 12 provincial plant protection stations and 83 county stations to systematically evaluate the contribution rate of plant protection in three major grain crops, wheat, rice, and corn. Experiments with treatments, of strict prevention and control, unified control, farmers′ experience-based control, and non-control were conducted uniformly, and the yield of crops was measured. Through scientific evaluation, the plant protection contribution rate of major pests(excluding weeds and rats) control to three grain crops in 2022 was assessed at 20.31%, which was 24.20% for wheat, 19.46% for rice, and 18.84% for corn. According to this calculation, 125 million tons of three major grain crops were saved in the whole year through the prevention and control of crop pests. In view of the relatively light occurrence of pests and diseases in 2022,the calculated plant protection contribution rate may be slightly underestimated. In the year pest severely occurred, under the condition of effective prevention and control, the contribution rate of plant protection will increase accordingly.