涡轴发动机整机吞砂试验及性能退化评估

Sand ingestion test and performance degradation evaluation of turboshaft engine

为系统掌握砂尘侵蚀对涡轴发动机整机和零部件的影响,分析了国内外整机吞砂试验条款的差异及适用性,开展了某涡轴发动机整机吞砂试验研究。依据气动热力过程约束方程和发动机整机匹配约束条件,建立了涡轴发动机试验数据快速评估模型,完成了整机及各部件性能退化评估,并利用公开文献数据进行了对比分析。结果表明:功率和耗油率随吞砂时间呈二次函数规律退化,吞砂10 h功率损失10.2%,耗油率升高3.2%;吞砂造成压气机一级叶片弦长变短0.7%~3.4%、厚度减薄1.0%~3.0%,压气机流量下降4.1%、效率下降3.1%、增压比下降4.5%;燃气涡轮冷却气膜孔存在轻微堵塞和表面烧蚀,冷气量减少1.5%,效率下降0.5%;而动力涡轮效率因叶片表面光洁度提高有小幅提升。

In order to grasp the effect of sand and dust erosion on the turboshaft engine, the differences and applicability of the sand ingestion test terms at home and abroad were analyzed. The sand ingestion test of a turboshaft engine was implemented and investigated. A rapid test data evaluation model of turboshaft engine was established based on the aero-thermodynamic equations and engine matching constraint. The method was used to evaluate the performance degradation of overall unit and components,which was validated using data from other references. The results indicated that the power and fuel consumption rate degradation presented a quadratic function law. The output power degradation was10.2% and specific fuel consumption degradation was 3.2% after 10 h of sand ingestion. The chord length of the compressor first stage blade became shorter by 0.7%-3.4% and the thickness was reduced by1.0%-3.0%, which resulted in the compressor flow rate decrease by 4.1%, the efficiency decrease by3.1% and the pressure ratio decrease by 4.5%. The turbine cooling hole had slight blockage and ablation,the cooling air volume was reduced by 1.5%, and the gas turbine efficiency was reduced by 0.5%. The power turbine efficiency had a slight improvement due to blade smoothness.