区域热环境变化与土地利用/覆盖变化的关系分析

The Relationship Between Land Use/Cover and Thermal Environment Changes

为有效解决土地利用/覆盖发生变化引发的区域热环境问题,以上海市浦东新区为例,基于该区域1984年、2000年和2020年等3 a中月份相近的Landsat遥感影像,利用遥感和地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)对该区域的土地利用/覆盖与热环境的变化及二者之间的关系进行分析。研究发现:1984—2000年该区域的土地利用/覆盖发生了巨大变化,建设用地的面积大大增加,覆盖范围明显扩大,而从2000年起,该区域的土地利用/覆盖的变化速度明显减慢;1984—2020年,该区域高温区和次高温区的面积先增加后减少,次中温区和低温区的面积先减少后增加;建设用地对城市热环境的贡献率较大,林地、草地和水域有助于缓解热环境问题。该研究采用的方法及所得结论可供上海的生态城市建设参考。

This paper,using GIS(Geographic Information System)and RS(Remote Sensing)technologies,investigates the spatial and temporal changes of land use/cover and thermal environment in Pudong,and analyzes the relationship between them based on three Landsat remote sensing images of similar months in 1984,2000 and 2020.The research reaches the following conclusions:The land use/cover type has changed a lot from 1984 to 2000.The area of construction land has extended significantly and has become the largest part of the land.On the other hand,the rate of change in land use/cover has slowed down noticeably since 2000.As for thermal environment,from 1984 to 2020,the proportions of the high-temperature zone and the sub-high-temperature zone has increased at first and then decreased,while the proportions of the sub-medium-temperaturezone and the low-temperature zone is totally opposite,decreasing at first and then increasing.The construction land may aggravate the urban thermal environment,while the forest land,grassland and water area help to alleviate the thermal environment problems.