药食两用植物紫苏的名实考证

Textual research on the name and reality of edible and medicinal Zisu

目的对药食两用植物紫苏的名称、基原、形态和功效进行本草考证,以正本清源,为临床应用提供参考依据。方法从名称、产地、原植物形态、功效、毒性与副作用等方面进行本草考证。结果历代本草所言“紫苏”“苏”“白苏”均属“荏”类,为唇形科紫苏Perilla frutescens及其变种,紫苏叶紫色,茎、叶、子均入药,主下气。白苏叶绿色,治风寒。结论紫苏与白苏在形态与功效上均有差别,应加以区分。紫苏作为药食两用中药具悠久的应用历史,白苏不宜作为食用。

Objective To make a textual research on Zisu about the name,origin,morphology and efficacy,a dual-purpose medicinal and edible plant,in order to make the original clear and provide reference basis for clinical application.Methods Textual research was carried out from the aspects of synonym,distribution,morphology,efficacy,toxicity and side effects of the plants.Results Zisu,Baisu and Su in the herbal medicine of past dynasties belong to the Ren category,which are species or varieties of Perilla frutescens(L.)Britt.Zisu has purple leaves,and its stems,leaves and seeds are used as medicine to mainly lower Qi.While Baisu has green leaves,which could cure wind cold.Conclusion There are significant differences in botanical morphology and pharmacological efficacy between Zisu and Baisu,which should be distinguished and used separately.Zisu is a dual-purpose traditional Chinese medicine with a long application history.Baisu is not suitable for edible consumption.