引进国外甘蔗种质资源检疫及田间抗病和农艺性状观察

Quarantine and Field Resistance Disease and Agronomic Trait Observation of Introduced Foreign Sugarcane Germplasm

为筛选健康优良的引进甘蔗新种质,丰富甘蔗杂交亲本资源及获得具有直接推广应用价值的优良甘蔗品种,本研究通过法国农业国际合作研究发展中心(CIRAD)下属负责不同国家甘蔗种质资源引进、提供和检疫的机构Visacane引进法国、美国、巴巴多斯、伯利兹、牙买加、罗马尼亚、圭亚那等国家的甘蔗种质资源41份,在广西甘蔗引种检疫室进行2个甘蔗生长周期的隔离种植检疫,期间对甘蔗白条病、斐济病和流胶病等检疫性病害进行监测,确定无检疫性有害生物发生后出圃,通过大田试验进行田间自然发病、农艺性状、产量、锤度等调查。结果表明,引进的41份国外甘蔗种质均无检疫性病虫害;大田自然发病试验筛选出抗病优良甘蔗种质B03-224、B03-876、FG08-057、FG08-757、FG09-128、FG09-331、FG09-367、FG09-538和FR89-746共9份,可考虑作为抗病亲本;筛选出高糖甘蔗种质B03-224、BBZ88-343、BJ99-32、BR08-004、CP04-1844、CP05-1526、FG06-691和FG09-367共8份,锤度评价为1等级,可作为高糖亲本;筛选出高产甘蔗种质BZ93-855、CP00-1446、FG09-124、FG09-346和FR90-881共5份,产量评价为1等级,可用作高产亲本;筛选出农艺性状整体评价优良种质B03-224、BBZ93-855、BJ99-106、CP00-1446、CP05-1526、FG04-333、FG06-691、FG07-338、FG09-124、FG09-128和FG09-367共11份,其综合性状较好,产量潜力较大,拟进入下一轮比较试验继续筛选;并综合抗病性、高产、高糖等农艺性状评价,从中筛选出B03-224、FG09-128、FG09-367和CP05-1526综合表现优良的4份甘蔗种质进入下一步品种比较试验,以期筛选出能适应广西生态环境的高产、高糖、抗病的甘蔗种质进行推广种植。以上甘蔗种质已全部进入广西南宁甘蔗种质资源圃和广西农业科学院三亚甘蔗杂交育种基地保存,将进一步开展抗旱性和抗寒性等评价及后续杂交利用研究。本研究可为引进国外甘蔗种质的利用提供参考依据。

In order to screen healthy and excellent introduced sugarcane germplasm,enrich sugarcane hybrid parent re-sources and obtain excellent sugarcane varieties with direct popularization and application value,41 foreign sugarcane germplasm materials from France,United States,Barbados,Belize,Jamaica,Romania,Guyana and other countries in-troduced through Visacane,CIRAD,France,responsible for introduction,export and quarantine of sugarcane germ-plasm from different countries,were planted in quarantine house for two sugarcane growth cycles.During the period,the quarantine disease such as sugarcane white stripe disease,Fiji disease and gummosis disease were monitored.After qualified quarantine,the natural disease occurrence,agronomic traits,cane yield and sugar content were investigated in field experiment.The 41 introduced foreign sugarcane germplasm entries had quarantine diseases and pests.In the field natural disease test,there were nine sugarcane germplasms B03-224,B03-876,FG08-057,FG08-757,FG09-128,FG09-331,FG09-367,FG09-538 and FR89-746 with good disease resistance,which could be used as disease resistant parents.Eight high sugar germplasms with high sugar content,B03-224,BBZ88-343,BJ99-32,BR08-004,CP04-1844,CP05-1526,FG06-691 and FG09-367,were evaluated as 1 grade,which could be used as high sugar parent.Five high-yield germplasms with high yield,BZ93-855,CP00-1446,FG09-124,FG09-346 and FR90-881,were evaluated as grade 1 and could be used as high-yield parents.Eleven germplasms,B03-224,BBZ93-855,BJ99-106,CP00-1446,CP05-1526,FG04-333,FG06-691,FG07-338,FG09-124,FG09-128 and FG09-367,with high-yield and excellent ag-ronomic characters,entered the next round of comparative test to continue screening.In order to select sugarcane germ-plasms with high yield,high sugar and disease resistance that can adapt to the ecological environment of Guangxi for direct planting,four with excellent comprehensive performance,B03-224,FG09-128,FG09-367 and CP05-1526,were selected for the further variety comparison test.All sugarcane germplasms were kept in Nanning Sugarcane Germplasm Resources Nursery and Sanya Sugarcane Cross Breeding Base of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences for further evaluation of drought resistance,cold resistance,and subsequent cross utilization.This study could provide reference for the utilization of sugarcane germplasms introduced from abroad.