入侵植物肿柄菊不同组织提取液对千金子的化感作用

Allelopathy of Extracts from Different Tissues of Invasive Plant,Mexican Sunflower on Leptochloa chinensis

研究发现入侵植物肿柄菊对杂草具有较强的化感作用,可用于杂草防治。而肿柄菊对千金子的化感作用未见报道,为明确肿柄菊对千金子的化感作用,寻找千金子的防治技术,采用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、无水乙醇和蒸馏水等溶剂梯度提取肿柄菊根、茎、叶,评价提取液对千金子种子萌发和生长的化感作用及其对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响,并利用GC-MS技术鉴定肿柄菊提取液中化学成分。结果显示:肿柄菊不同组织部位提取液对千金子发芽率的影响强度依次为叶>茎>根。肿柄菊根、茎、叶的乙酸乙酯和无水乙醇提取液对千金子幼苗生长具有明显的抑制作用。肿柄菊根、茎和叶的乙酸乙酯提取液,叶和根的无水乙醇提取液能明显抑制千金子SOD酶活性;茎的无水乙醇提取液能明显抑制千金子CAT酶的活性;茎和根的乙酸乙酯提取液能明显抑制POD酶活性。GC-MS检测显示,肿柄菊提取液中含有萜类、酚类、酰胺类、酯类及烃类,其中,萜类(α-蒎烯和植醇)和酚类(2,5-二乙酰基-6-羟基苯并呋喃)成分含量较高。结果表明,肿柄菊根、茎和叶的提取液对千金子具有较强的化感作用,其中,α-蒎烯、植醇、2,5-二乙酰基-6-羟基苯并呋喃可能是肿柄菊对千金子产生化感作用的潜在活性成分,可用于千金子的防治。

The invasive plant Mexican sunflower has strong allelopathy to weeds and could be used for weed control.How-ever,the allelopathy of Mexican sunflower on Leptochloa chinensis has not been reported.In order to clarify the allelopathy of Mexican sunflower on L.chinensis and find the control technology of L.chinensis,the roots,stems and leaves of L.chinensis were extracted with petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water.The allelopathy of ex-tracts on the germination and growth of seeds of Mexican sunflower and its effect on the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD)were evaluated.GC-MS was used to identify the chemical constituents in the extract of Mexican sunflower.The results showed that the effect of extracts from different tissue parts on the germination rate of Mexican sunflower was in the order of leaf>stem>root.Ethyl acetate and absolute ethanol extracts from the roots,stems and leaves of Mexican sunflower had a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of the seedlings.The ethyl acetate extract from the root,stem and leaf,and the absolute ethanol extract from the leaf and root could significantly inhibit the SOD activ-ity;the absolute ethanol extract from the stem could obviously inhibit the CAT activity;the ethyl acetate extracts from stems and roots could significantly inhibit the POD activity.GC-MS detection showed that the extract of Mexican sunflower con-tained terpenoids,phenols,amides,esters and hydrocarbons,among which terpenoids(α-pinene and phytol)and phenols(2,5-diacetyl-6-hy droxybenzofuran)were higher.The results showed that the extracts from the roots,stems and leaves of Mexican sunflower had strong allelopathic effects on L.chinensis,α-pinene,phytol and 2,5-diacetyl-6-hydroxybenzofuran may be the potential active components of Mexican sunflower for allelopathy,which can be used for the control of L.chinensis.